| 周玲红,张浪,魏甲彬,成小琳,肖志祥,徐华勤,唐剑武,唐启源.冬闲稻田养鸡结合生物炭施用对双季稻田产量及土壤有机碳、活性碳氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1961-1969. |
| 冬闲稻田养鸡结合生物炭施用对双季稻田产量及土壤有机碳、活性碳氮的影响 |
| Effects of winter chicken grazing with biochar application on crop yield, and soil organic carbon, active carbon, and nitrogen content in double-crop paddy soil |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-16 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1389 |
| 中文关键词: 冬闲稻田 鸡 生物炭 有机碳 土壤活性碳、氮 季节变异 |
| 英文关键词: fallow paddy field chicken biochar organic carbon soil active carbon and nitrogen seasonal variation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31100382）；国家水稻产业技术体系岗位专家项目（CARS-01-26） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究利用冬闲田养鸡配施生物炭，研究其互补效应，并通过鸡粪田间原位腐解培肥，减少双季稻生长期间化肥用量，研究其对水稻产量、土壤有机碳和活性碳、氮的影响。试验于2015年对冬闲稻田设4个处理，分别为冬闲田（F）、冬闲田养鸡（C）、冬闲田添加生物炭（B）、冬闲田养鸡配施生物炭（BC）。2016年4月份于水稻种植前、生育期间和收获后采集土壤样品，测定水稻产量、土壤有机碳、活性碳和活性氮。试验结果表明：（1）BC处理能显著提高双季稻产量，早、晚稻实际产量分别达6.99 t·hm-2和8.02t·hm-2，较B、C和F处理增产4.13%~19.25%；（2）在早稻种植前及早、晚稻收获后土壤有机碳均表现为BC > B > C > F，处理间差异显著（P<0.05）；BC处理三次取样时期的有机碳平均值较B、C和F提高4.51%~28.14%；（3）活性碳、氮含量高低总体趋势表现为BC > B、C > F，与B或C处理相比，BC处理对活性碳、氮的提高效果更优；（4）添加生物炭能降低有机碳、活性碳和土壤微生物量碳的季节变异程度；（5）相关分析表明早、晚稻产量与土壤有机碳和活性碳、氮均呈极显著相关。冬闲田养鸡配施生物炭处理能够减少20%氮肥用量同时保证水稻产量，且该冬闲田利用模式能有效提高土壤有机碳和活性碳、氮含量，是一种高效节肥的培肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of the study is to reveal whether the application of biochar and chicken manure can improve soil quality without reducing rice yield and thus reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used during rice production. A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of biochar application and chicken grazing in winter paddy soil on the seasonal changes in soil organic carbon, active carbon, nitrogen contents, and rice yield after reduced use of chemical fertilizers. Four treatments were set in a winter field in 2015:Fallow (F), winter chicken grazing (C), biochar application (B), and chicken grazing with biochar application (BC). Soil samples were collected before planting, during growth, and after harvest. Rice yield and seasonal change in soil organic carbon, active carbon, and nitrogen content were measured. The results indicated that:(1) The actual yield of early and late rice in BC treatment was 6.99 t·hm-2 and 8.02 t·hm-2, respectively, and increased by 4.13%~19.25% in comparison with that of the treatments B, C, and F; (2) The organic carbon content before the early rice period and after harvest of early and late rice was in the order:BC > B > C > F (P<0.05). The organic carbon content in BC treatment was higher than that in the treatments B and C by 4.51%~28.14%; (3) The soil active carbon and nitrogen contents decreased in the order BC > B, C > F; (4) The application of biochar could reduce the seasonal variation of organic carbon, activated carbon and soil microbial N. (5) The correlation analysis showed that the yield of early and late rice significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, active carbon, and nitrogen contents. After reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20%, chicken grazing and biochar application improved soil organic carbon, active carbon, and nitrogen contents, as well as rice yield. Chicken grazing combined with biochar application improved available nutrition content in the soil, and thus promoted soil conservation and rice yield in winter field in an eco-friendly manner. |
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