文章摘要
悦飞雪,李继伟,王艳芳,刘领.施用秸秆生物炭和鸡粪对镉胁迫下玉米生长及镉吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(10):2118-2126.
施用秸秆生物炭和鸡粪对镉胁迫下玉米生长及镉吸收的影响
Effects of soil amendments with stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure on the growth and Cd uptake of maize under Cd stress
投稿时间:2018-02-26  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2018-0242
中文关键词: 秸秆生物炭  鸡粪  玉米生长  抗氧化酶活性  镉吸收  土壤有效态Cd含量
英文关键词: stalk-derived biochar  chicken manure  maize growth  antioxidant enzymatic activities  Cd uptake  soil-available Cd content
基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31700367);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2016GGJS-062)
作者单位E-mail
悦飞雪 河南科技大学农学院, 河南 洛阳 471023  
李继伟 河南科技大学农学院, 河南 洛阳 471023  
王艳芳 河南科技大学农学院, 河南 洛阳 471023  
刘领 河南科技大学农学院, 河南 洛阳 471023 liulinghenan@126.com 
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中文摘要:
      为探讨秸秆生物炭与鸡粪单独及其联合施用对镉(Cadmium,Cd)污染土壤的修复效应,采用模拟Cd胁迫盆栽试验,研究了施用秸秆生物炭(20、40 g·kg-1土壤)、鸡粪(20、40 g·kg-1土壤)、秸秆生物炭和鸡粪混合(各20 g·kg-1土壤)对Cd胁迫下玉米生长及Cd吸收的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,施用生物炭和鸡粪不同处理均显著增加Cd胁迫下玉米的株高和生物量,提高玉米叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(Malondiadehyde,MDA)含量。(2)与对照相比,施用生物炭和鸡粪不同处理均显著降低玉米根、茎、叶中Cd含量、富集系数、转运系数及土壤有效态Cd含量。(3)与鸡粪相比,秸秆生物炭降低土壤中有效态Cd含量和玉米组织中Cd含量效果优于鸡粪,而鸡粪促进玉米生长效果优于生物炭。(4)相比而言,施用40 g·kg-1鸡粪处理促进Cd胁迫下玉米生长和抗氧化酶活性效果最佳,玉米株高和生物量分别较对照增加59.7%和72.5%,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别较对照提高48.4%、69.4%、81.9%,而生物炭和鸡粪等量复配处理对降低玉米根、茎、叶Cd含量和土壤有效态Cd含量效果最优,根、茎、叶Cd含量分别较对照降低46.9%、49.3%、63.9%,土壤有效态Cd含量降低61.1%。总之,采用生物炭和鸡粪进行Cd污染土壤修复均可通过增强玉米的抗氧化性能,从而促进Cd胁迫下玉米生长;而且二者联合应用更有利于降低土壤Cd的生物有效性,减少玉米对Cd吸收和积累。
英文摘要:
      To explore the effects of the stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure, individually or in combination, on the remediation of Cdcontaminated soil, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate the influences of soil amendments with biochar (20, 40 g·kg-1 soil), chicken manure (20, 40 g·kg-1 soil), or a combination of biochar and chicken manure (each at 20 g·kg-1 soil) on the growth and Cd uptake of maize under Cd stress. Results showed that all treatments with stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure addition significantly increased the maize plant height and biomass and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) but decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents when compared to those of the control treatment, this indicated soil amendment with stalk-derived biochar and/or chicken manure could alleviate the phytotoxicity of Cd and its negative effects on maize. Stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure treatments also remarkably decreased the Cd concentration in the root, stem, and leaf of the maize, bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and soil-available Cd content. Amendment with chicken manure alone more fully facilitated maize growth whereas biochar only amendment was more effective at inducing soil alkalinization and contributing to Cd immobilization. Compared to the control, the addition of 40 g·kg-1 chicken manure produced the largest effects on promoting maize growth and antioxidant enzyme activities, with 59.7% and 72.5% higher plant height and biomass, respectively, and 48.4%,69.4%, and 81.9% higher activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, respectively. The combined treatment with biochar and chicken manure was more efficient at reducing Cd uptake in the root, stem, and leaf of maize and soil-available Cd content, with 46.9%, 49.3%, and 63.9% lower Cd contents in the root, stem, and leaf of maize, respectively, and 61.1% lower soil-available Cd content. In general, soil amendment with stalk-derived biochar and/or chicken manure can enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thus promoting the growth of maize under Cd stress. Moreover, a combination of biochar and chicken manure is more effective at reducing soil Cd bioavailability and decreasing Cd uptake by maize tissues.
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