文章摘要
杨潞,张玉,张智,李余杰,翁张帆,孙磊,孔媛.规模化猪场灌区土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价——以重庆市某种猪场为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(10):2166-2174.
规模化猪场灌区土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价——以重庆市某种猪场为例
Characteristics and risk of heavy metals pollution in soils of the irrigation area of a large-scale pig farm: A case study of a pig farm in Chongqing, China
投稿时间:2017-12-29  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2017-1775
中文关键词: 土壤  重金属  形态分布  污染特征  生态风险评价
英文关键词: soil  heavy metals  fraction distribution  pollution characteristics  ecological risk assessment
基金项目:重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究专项(cstc2017jcyjAX0206);重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项(cstc2017shmsA20019);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102001)
作者单位E-mail
杨潞 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044  
张玉 中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司, 成都 610081  
张智 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044 zhangzhicqu@cqu.edu.cn 
李余杰 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044  
翁张帆 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044  
孙磊 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044  
孔媛 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院, 重庆 400044  
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中文摘要:
      为了解长期猪场粪污灌溉带来的土壤重金属污染特征和风险,依托于重庆市某种猪场,采集其粪污灌溉区16个土壤样品,测定了Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的全量,并运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法、地累积指数法评价了重金属污染状况,同时测定各重金属的分形态含量,评价了重金属的生物有效性和潜在生态风险。结果表明:灌区土壤呈弱碱性,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为30.80、91.33、0.55、29.34 mg·kg-1,均超过了区域背景值,但不超过土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995)二级标准。变异系数Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb,其中Cd和Cu达强变异性水平。部分采样点的Cd含量高,已达到中等污染水平,土壤未受到Cu、Zn、Pb的污染。土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb主要以残渣态存在,其分别占总量的85.52%、68.40%、56.55%,Cd主要以可还原态存在,占总量的52.65%。土壤重金属生物有效性Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu,Cd和Zn的可生物利用风险较大。以土壤质量二级标准为参比值,4种重金属的单项潜在生态风险均为轻微等级;以区域背景值为参比值,Cd的生态风险为中等,其余元素为轻微。研究区重金属综合潜在生态风险为轻微级。
英文摘要:
      To evaluate the pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil irrigated with piggery waste, 16 soil samples were collected from the irrigated area of a pig farm in Chongqing. The concentrations and fractions of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil samples were determined. Three assessment methods (Single-factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, Geoaccumulation index) were used to evaluate pollution characteristics of the heavy metals in the soil samples. The bioavailability and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals were measured based on fraction distribution of the heavy metals in the soil. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in soil samples were 30.80, 91.33, 0.55 mg·kg-1, and 29.34 mg·kg-1, respectively. Although the average concentrations of the heavy metals exceeded the soil background values of Chongqing, they were all below their secondary standards for environmental quality of soils (GB 15618-1995). The variation coefficient of the heavy metals ranked as follows:Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and the variability of the Cd and Cu concentrations in the soil samples was high, with large variation coefficients. The content of Cd in some soil samples reached the level of medium pollution, whereas none of the soil samples was polluted by Cu, Zn, or Pb. The residual phase was the main fraction of Cu, Zn, and Pb, accounting for 85.52%, 68.40%, and 56.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, the main fraction of Cd was the reducible phase, which accounted for 52.65%. The bioavailability of the heavy metals ranked as follows:Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu. The bioavailable risk of Cd and Zn was higher than that of Cu and Pb. The results of individual potential ecological risk indicated that risk from Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil samples was low, as calculated by the secondary standards for environmental quality of soils, whereas the ecological risk of Cd in the soil samples was medium, as calculated by the soil background value of Chongqing. In general, the ecological risk of the four heavy metals in the study area was low, according to the comprehensive potential ecological risk index.
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