改性生物炭对猪粪堆肥过程重金属钝化效果研究

李冉; 孟海波; 沈玉君; 周海宾; 张曦; 文宏达

文章摘要

李冉,孟海波,沈玉君,周海宾,张曦,文宏达.改性生物炭对猪粪堆肥过程重金属钝化效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(10):2304-2311.

改性生物炭对猪粪堆肥过程重金属钝化效果研究

Immobilization of heavy metals by modified biochar during composting of pig manure

投稿时间：2017-12-19

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1734

中文关键词: 堆肥改性生物炭重金属钝化

英文关键词: composting modified biochar heavy metal immobilization

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD08006030）：好氧发酵过程重金属钝化及高效生物除臭关键技术与设备研究

作者	单位	E-mail
李冉	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北保定 071001 农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所, 北京 100125 农业部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室, 北京 100125
孟海波	农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所, 北京 100125 农业部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室, 北京 100125
沈玉君	农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所, 北京 100125 农业部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室, 北京 100125
周海宾	农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所, 北京 100125 农业部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室, 北京 100125
张曦	农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所, 北京 100125 农业部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室, 北京 100125
文宏达	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北保定 071001	2804529324@qq.com

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中文摘要:

为进一步提高猪粪堆肥中重金属钝化效果，以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料，以未改性处理、NaOH改性处理和FeCl₃改性处理等3种生物炭为钝化剂进行堆肥试验，以未添加生物炭的处理作为对照（CK），研究不同改性生物炭对猪粪堆肥效果及重金属Cu、Zn、Pb形态的影响。试验结果表明：四个处理堆肥高温期维持天数及种子发芽指数达到无害化要求，腐熟堆肥均呈碱性（8.0~9.0），堆肥结束后添加未改性生物炭和NaOH改性生物炭的处理EC值略高于4 mS·cm^-1，分别为4.06 mS·cm^-1和4.04 mS·cm^-1。添加生物炭的处理重金属钝化效果均显著高于CK，添加FeCl₃改性生物炭对重金属Cu、Zn、Pb表现出相对较好的钝化能力，钝化效果分别为78.70%、43.53%、66.45%。综合分析，在堆肥过程中添加FeCl₃改性生物炭（添加比例为干物质的24%）更有利于实现堆肥过程中重金属钝化，提升堆肥产品质量。

英文摘要:

Residual heavy metals in pig manure compost are a potential risk to soil and food security. Three kinds of biochar:unmodified biochar, NaOH-modified biochar, and FeCl₃-modified biochar were added during pig manure composting to illustrate their heavy metals immobilization effect. The temperature, pH values, and EC values of the compost were determined. The distribution of different phases of Cu, Zn, and Pb was detected by modified BCR sequential extraction method, and their immobilization rate was determined. The results showed that all four treatments met the requirements of harmless treatment when the temperature was maintained above 55℃ for over 5 d, and the seed germination index reached 80%~85%. The pH values of the four composts were 8.0~9.0. The EC value of composts treated with FeCl₃-modified biochar was 3.53 mS·cm^-1, while the EC values was just above 4.0 mS·cm^-1 in the compost treated with unmodified biochar and NaOH-modified biochar. The immobilization rate of heavy metals was significantly higher in biochar treated compost than in the control. Furthermore, the immobilization rate of Cu, Zn, and Pb (78.70%, 43.53%, and 66.45%, respectively) was the highest in the compost treated with FeCl₃-modified biochar among the three kinds of biochar. These results suggest that modified biochar can improve immobilization in pig compost, and indicate its potential to alleviate the risk of heavy metals contamination of pig manure treatment and disposal.

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