| 高鑫,颜蒙蒙,曾希柏,白玲玉,王亚男,陈清,赵会薇,苏世鸣.京津冀地区设施土壤中不同蔬菜对镉的累积特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(11):2541-2548. |
| 京津冀地区设施土壤中不同蔬菜对镉的累积特征 |
| Cadmium accumulation characteristics of different vegetables in greenhouse soils in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH)Area, China |
| 投稿时间：2018-07-11 修订日期：2018-09-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0908 |
| 中文关键词: 京津冀 设施土壤 镉 叶菜 替代种植 物种敏感性分布曲线 |
| 英文关键词: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Areas (BTH) greenhouse soil cadmium leaf vegetables substitution plantation species sensitivity distribution curve (SSD) |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发课题（2016YFD0801003）；现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目（CARS-23-B16） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为通过种植替代方式保障京津冀地区农产品安全和居民健康，开展该地区设施蔬菜对土壤镉累积特征研究，从而获得镉低累积蔬菜品种。基于京津冀地区种植的典型蔬菜类型和品种，采用野外调查和田间小区试验相结合的方式开展研究。结果表明：叶类蔬菜相对瓜果类具有更高的镉累积风险，瓜果类蔬菜是京津冀地区镉污染设施土壤上推荐种植的蔬菜类型；当土壤镉含量为0.76 mg·kg-1时，不同种类叶菜地上部镉含量大小排序依次为芝麻菜 > 油麦菜 > 菠菜=芥菜 > 苋菜 > 生菜 > 菜心 > 苦苣 > 小白菜 > 咖啡菜 > 茼蒿，其中芝麻菜地上部镉含量最高，为0.13 mg·kg-1鲜质量，茼蒿最低为0.005 mg·kg-1鲜质量；进一步对64种叶菜品种累积镉特征研究发现，茼蒿、汉堡速生咖啡菜、翠英256和特选板叶茼蒿等对镉的累积量较低，其地上部镉含量 < 0.01 mg·kg-1鲜质量，远低于《食品安全国家标准》（GB 2762—2017）规定的0.2 mg·kg-1鲜质量，适合在镉污染设施土壤上开展替代种植；物种敏感性分布曲线（SSD）评价该64种叶菜品种对土壤镉毒性的敏感程度发现，咖啡麦当菜、蔬菠2号、芝麻菜和佳园芥蓝对土壤镉的毒性最为敏感，而茼蒿属于不敏感品种。研究表明，不同种类以及相同种类不同品种蔬菜间镉累积能力差异明显，筛选镉低累积蔬菜品种，在镉污染土壤上开展替代种植具有科学意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It is very important to understand cadmium (Cd)accumulation in greenhouse vegetables in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH)Area, where Cd low-cumulative vegetable varieties have been screened out, to ensure the safety of agricultural products and the health of residents through substitution plantations. Based on the vegetable types and varieties planted in the BTH, this study involved outdoor surveys and field plot experiments. The results indicated that leafy vegetables had a higher risk of Cd accumulation than melon and fruit; the latter was recommended for planting in Cd-contaminated greenhouse soils. When the Cd content in the soils reached 0.76 mg·kg-1, the Cd content in different leafy vegetables decreased in the following order:Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.), Oil wheat (Lactuca sativa var longifoliaf. Lam), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.)Czern. et Coss.), Chives (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Lettuce (var. ramosa Hort.), Dish heart (Brassica campestris L.), Chicory (Sonchus oleraceus L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), Coffee dish (Brassica pekinensis R.), Crowndaisy chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). The highest Cd content was 0.13 mg·kg-1 by leaf fresh weight (Arugula), while the lowest Cd content was 0.005 mg·kg-(1 Crowndaisy chrysanthemum). Further studies of Cd accumulation in 64 leafy vegetable cultivars showed that the Cd contents in the Artemisia, Coffee dish, Cuiying 256 and Texuan Artemisia scoparia were lower than 0.01 mg·kg-1 by fresh weight, which is below the limit (0.2 mg·kg-1)specified by National Food Safety Quality Standards. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the 64 leaf vegetable cultivars to soil Cd was evaluated using a species sensitivity distribution curve (SSD). Coffee McDonald's, Vegetable Spinach No.2, Arugula and Jiayuan mustard were the most sensitive to soil Cd toxicity, while Crowndaisy chrysanthemum was an insensitive variety. Significant differences were observed in Cd accumulation among different types or varieties of vegetables. It is highly significant to screen Cd low-cumulative vegetable varieties for future substitution plantations in Cd-contaminated soils. |
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