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| 畜禽粪便堆肥过程中雌激素降解特征 |
| Characteristics of estrogens degradation in livestock manures during composting process |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-03 修订日期：2019-01-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪便 堆肥 雌激素 降解 |
| 英文关键词: livestock manures composting estrogen degradation |
| 基金项目:江苏省环境监测科研基金 (1706)；国家自然科学基金 (41771523) Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Research Fund (Grant No. 1706) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41771523) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究畜禽粪便中雌激素污染特征以及堆肥中雌激素降解特点,测定了南京附近养殖场的鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪中天然雌激素雌三醇(E3)、17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)和人工合成雌激素雌炔醇(EE2)和双酚A(BPA)含量。对三种粪便进行堆肥实验,测定了堆肥0,2,4,8,16和32 d时四种雌激素的浓度。并以牛粪为代表,对堆体进行不翻堆、两天一翻堆和一天两翻堆处理,研究了翻堆对堆肥过程中雌激素降解的影响。结果表明,三种畜禽粪便含有较高浓度的天然雌激素,鸡粪和牛粪还含有人工合成雌激素,活性当量EEQ值为鸡粪 (3830.65 ug/ kg) 、猪粪(268.84 ug/kg)、牛粪(1207.12 ug/kg),存在较大的雌激素污染风险；在堆肥32 d,鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪的EEQ残留率分别为9.5%、10.6%、0%,堆肥处理很大程度上降低了雌激素污染风险。畜禽粪便中多种雌激素共存时,雌激素降解主要受浓度影响,浓度高的雌激素降解较快。畜禽粪便中多种雌激素共存时,雌激素降解主要受浓度影响,浓度高的雌激素降解较快。雌激素降解随堆体内微生物活动发生改变,堆肥中期微生物活动最为活跃,雌激素降解速度要高于堆肥前期和后期。对牛粪堆肥进行翻堆处理,增加了堆体内氧气含量,雌激素降解明显加快,翻堆有利于提高堆肥效果。而两天一翻和一天两翻雌激素降解没有太大差异,增加翻堆次数并不能显著提高堆肥效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of this work was to investigate the contamination characteristics of estrogens in livestock manures and the degradation characteristics of estrogens during composting. Natural estrogens containing estriol (E3) and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), were detected in chicken, pig and cow manures from farms in Nanjing. The synthetic estrogen, containing ethinyloestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA), were also detected. The composting experiments of three livestock manures were conducted, and the concentrations of four estrogens were detected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days. The cow manure, as a representative, was composted under different turning frequency (i.e., never turning, turning every two days and turn twice every day) to study the impact of turning frequency on estrogen degradation. The results showed a high concentration of native estrogens detected in three livestock manures. Chicken and cow manures contained synthetic estrogen. The EEQ values of chicken, pig and cow manures were 3830.65 ug/ kg, 268.84 ug/kg and 1207.12 ug/kg. The high contamination risk existed in three livestock manures. The residual rates of EEQ in chicken, pig and cow manures were 9.5%、10.6%、0% at 32d during composting, which showed that composting could significantly reduce the risk of estrogen contamination. The estrogen concentration had a significant impact on their degradation when various estrogens coexist in livestock manures, whereby the estrogen with high concentration degraded faster than other estrogens. Furthermore, estrogen degradation changed with the microbial activity in the manure piles. Microbial activity was most active during the mid-stage of composting, and the degradation rate of estrogens was higher than that of the early and later stages. Also, turning the cow manure pile could increase the oxygen content, which significantly accelerated estrogen degradation. Thus, turning the manure pile during composting was effective. There was little difference in estrogen degradation between turning once every two days and turning twice per day, and the increase in turning frequency did not significantly influence the manure composting. |
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