| 吴凤全,林涛,祖米来提·吐尔干,邓方宁,尔晨,何文清,汤秋香.降解地膜对南疆棉田土壤水热及棉花产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(12):2793-2801. |
| 降解地膜对南疆棉田土壤水热及棉花产量的影响 |
| Effects of degradable plastic mulching film on soil moisture, temperature, and yield in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, China |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0740 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜 降解特性 耗水特性 土壤生长度日 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词: mulching degradation characteristics water consumption characteristics soil growing degree days water use efficiency(WUE) |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目（2016E02078）；农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金项目（NYBXBLZ-201802）；国家自然科学基金项目（31460143，31370522）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503105） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨降解地膜对南疆棉田土壤水热及棉花产量的影响，选取3种氧化-生物双降解地膜[天壮1号（T-1）、天壮2号（T-2）、天壮3号（T-3）]及一种新型生物降解地膜（HS），以PE普通地膜为对照，通过测定棉田降解地膜的降解情况及土壤水热，计算其棉田耗水及土壤生长度日，筛选适宜南疆棉田生产的降解地膜。结果表明：在棉花进入吐絮期时，T-3和HS的降解率达88.6%和58.7%，而T-1和T-2仅为15.9%和13.4%。不同降解地膜对棉田的水热状况也存在一定影响，对于生育期总耗水量而言，T-3和PE的耗水量较大，为688.6 mm和690.7 mm，但T-3的耗水模数明显高于PE处理。在土壤生长度日上，4种降解地膜在棉花全生育期土壤生长度日均低于PE地膜，其中T-3和HS的土壤生长度日比PE地膜低了294.3℃·d和222.8℃·d。在棉花产量和水分利用效率上，T-1比PE高6.2%和7.2%，HS明显低于PE地膜，但T-3和PE地膜差异不大。综上，T-1和T-2增温保墒效果好，产量较高，但降解效果差。T-3降解速度较好，增温保墒的性能低于PE地膜，但能够满足作物对温度和水分的需求，使棉花产量和水分利用效率接近PE地膜。因此，在南疆棉田降解地膜T-3替代PE地膜应用于棉花生产具有一定的可行性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| We researched the impact of biodegradable mulching film on soil water, temperature, and cotton yield in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. Three kinds of OXO-biodegradable mulching film (T-1, T-2, and T-3) and a new biodegradable mulching film (HS) were compared with the common polyethylene film. Based on the degradation of the film, the soil water, and the temperature in the cotton field, the water consumption and soil growing degree-days in cotton field were calculated to screen biodegradable films suitable for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. It showed that the degradation rates for T-3 and HS reached 88.6% and 58.7% in the boll-opening stage, while T-1 and T-2 had degraded by only 15.9% and 13.4%. Different biodegradable films also had different influences on the soil water and temperature conditions in the cotton fields. The T-3 and polyethylene film used 688.6 mm and 690.7 mm of water, respectively, during the growth period; these were the highest rates. The soil growing degree-days of the four biodegradable films were lower than that of the polyethylene film;of these, the values for T-3 and HS were lower by 294.3℃·d and 222.8℃·d, respectively, than the values for polyethylene film. The cotton yield and water use efficiency of T-1 were 6.2% and 7.2% higher than those for polyethylene and significantly lower for HS than for polyethylene; there were no significant differences between T-3 and polyethylene film.T-1 and T-2 were better in terms of warming the soil, preserving moisture, and generating a higher yield, but the degradation effect was worse. T-3 had a better degradation rate but did not perform as well at moisture conservation than polyethylene film, although its cotton yield and water use efficiency values were close to those of polyethylene film. Therefore, it is feasible to replace polyethylene mulch film with degraded T-3 mulch film in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. |
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