| 黄黎粤,丁竹红,胡忻,陈逸珺.生物炭施用对小麦和玉米幼苗根际和非根际土壤中Pb、As和Cd生物有效性的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(2):348-355. |
| 生物炭施用对小麦和玉米幼苗根际和非根际土壤中Pb、As和Cd生物有效性的影响研究 |
| Effects of biochars on bioavailability of Pb, As, and Cd in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of corn and wheat seedlings |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-09 修订日期：2018-07-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0463 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 有害元素 根际土壤 生物有效性 植物富集 |
| 英文关键词: biochar heavy metals rhizosphere soil bioavailability phyto-enrichment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（21677075） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1974 |
| 全文下载次数: 1962 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 用理化性质不同的废纸、木屑、脱水污泥等原材料在600℃限氧条件下热裂解分别制备了3种生物炭，继而利用根袋法盆栽实验研究了这3种生物炭的施用对生长于矿区重金属污染土壤中的小麦和玉米幼苗的根际和非根际土壤中有效态有害元素以及幼苗根系有害元素富集的影响。结果表明，施用这3种生物炭的小麦和玉米幼苗根际与非根际土壤中CaCl2提取态、EDTA提取态和稀HCl提取态As、Cd和Pb含量均低于未施用生物炭的对照处理组，并且随着生物炭施用量从0.5%增加到5%，3种提取态As、Cd和Pb含量降低更为明显，但生物炭处理对非根际土壤中提取态As、Cd和Pb的降低总体比根际土壤明显。施用3种理化性质不同生物炭的土壤中有效态As、Cd和Pb含量与有效态提取剂（CaCl2、EDTA和稀HCl）和被提元素种类（As、Cd和Pb）相关，但未表现出一致性的规律。小麦和玉米幼苗根际和非根际土壤中CaCl2提取的水溶态As、Cd和Pb无显著差异，而部分EDTA及稀HCl提取的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态有害元素、铁锰氧化物和有机结合态As、Cd和Pb存在显著差异。小麦和玉米幼苗根系As、Cd和Pb的富集量均低于未施用生物炭的对照处理组，并且随着生物炭施用量从0.5%增加到5%，提取态As、Cd和Pb的含量降低更为明显。因而，施用生物炭有助于降低有害元素的植物富集风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Biochar is a carbon-rich composite derived from the slow pyrolysis of biomass feedstock in the absence of oxygen. It has been widely investigated for carbon sequestration, soil remediation/restoration, and soil fertility. In this study, biochars were prepared through the slow pyrolysis of scrap paper, wood chips, and dehydrated sludge under limited oxygen at 600℃. Different levels (0.5% and 5%)of the resulting biochars were added to soil from a lead-zinc mining area of Qixia in Nanjing; the soil was contaminated with heavy metals. Laboratory experiments were then conducted on corn (Zea mays L. cv. Suyu 44)and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Nongmai 88)seedlings via rhizo-bag pot cultures. The bioavailabiliy of Pb, As, and Cd in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of the seedlings, and the accumulation of the former in the roots of the seedlings, were investigated. The results showed that the CaCl2-extractable, EDTA-extractable, and diluteHCl-extractable fractions of As, Cd, and Pb in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the seedlings in the groups treated with the biochars were lower than those in the control group, to which the biochars were not added. With the increase in biochars levels from 0.5% to 5%, the extractable As, Cd, and Pb content decreased significantly; however, the reduction in the extractable fractions of As, Cd, and Pb in the non-rhizosphere soils was generally clearer than that in the rhizosphere soils. The effects of biochars with different physicochemical properties on the extractable As, Cd, and Pb in soils were related to the extractants (CaCl2, EDTA, and dilute HCl)and the extracted elements (As, Cd, and Pb), but no unified rules were observed. There were no significant differences between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils from which the water-soluble As, Cd, and Pb had been extracted by CaCl2, but some of the exchangeable and carbonate-bound, iron/manganese-bound, and organic matter-bound fractions extracted by EDTA and dilute HCl differed significantly. The As, Cd, and Pb content in the roots of the seedlings in the groups treated with biochars were lower than those in the control group. With the increase in biochars from 0.5% to 5%, the decrease in contents of As, Cd, and Pb was more significant; wood chip- and sludge-based biochars were better at reducing As, Cd, and Pb enriched in the roots of the seedlings than the scrap paper-based biochar. |
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