| 刘晓永,王秀斌,李书田.中国农田畜禽粪尿磷负荷量及环境风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(11):2594-2608. |
| 中国农田畜禽粪尿磷负荷量及环境风险分析 |
| Phosphorus loading rates from livestock and poultry faeces, and environmental evaluation in China |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0626 |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪尿 磷的猪粪当量 负荷量 还田量 时空分布 |
| 英文关键词: livestock and poultry faeces pig manure equivalent(P)of phosphorus loading rate returning rate to farmland temporal and spatial distribution |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200103） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1905 |
| 全文下载次数: 1844 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 准确掌握不同地区畜禽粪尿和磷负荷量及其环境风险，为畜禽养殖总量控制、合理布局和还田利用提供决策依据。基于统计数据和文献资料，利用磷的猪粪当量（P）估算了我国畜禽粪尿量和各类畜禽粪尿比例的时空变化，分析和评价了当前各省份畜禽粪尿和磷资源量及其土地负荷量和污染风险，并根据畜禽粪尿还田率估算了当前各省份畜禽粪尿及其磷还田量，并进行环境风险评价。结果表明：中国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量（P）及其磷量1978年至2005年快速增加，2006年至2016年保持稳定。截止2016年，猪粪当量（P）约21.23亿t，磷量约545万t，比1978年均增长123%，华北地区畜禽粪尿猪粪当量（P）及其磷量最大，约占全国总量的23%和9%。区域水平上，按耕地面积计算，东南和西南地区负荷量较大，为Ⅴ级，有严重污染风险，按农作物种植面积计算，东南和西南地区较大，为Ⅳ级，有较严重污染风险，按农用地计算，东南、长江中下游和华北地区负荷量较大，为Ⅳ级，有较严重污染风险。省级单元上，湖南负荷量最大，其次是北京、广东和河南，这些省份为Ⅴ级，有严重污染风险。全国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量（P）及其磷还田量分别为11.51亿t和295万t，折合成单位农用地面积分别为3.1 t·hm-2和8.0 kg·hm-2。区域上东南地区还田最多，分别为10.3 t·hm-2和26.3 kg·hm-2，为Ⅲ级，有污染风险，其次是华北和长江中下游地区，为Ⅱ级，稍有污染风险，而东北、西南和西北地区相对较低，为Ⅰ级，无污染风险。省级单元上湖南和北京还田较多，为Ⅳ级，有较严重污染风险，华北、长江中下游、东南地区的多数省份和部分西南地区省份农用地畜禽粪尿磷还田量接近或大于50%单位土地面积畜禽粪尿磷的年施用限量，具有较高的污染风险。研究表明，不同区域和省份畜禽粪尿磷负荷量和还田量污染风险具有较大差异，但多数省份尤其华北、长江中下游、东南地区的畜禽粪尿磷污染风险较大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Determining the loading rates of livestock/poultry feces and corresponding phosphorus levels as well as the related environmental risks in farmland in China can provide a scientific basis for decision-making in controlling the livestock/poultry scale, redistribution, and faeces returning to farmland. In this study, we estimated the temporal and spatial changes of livestock/poultry faeces using the pig manure equivalent(P) of phosphorus based on statistical data and the literature. The current amount of livestock/poultry faeces and phosphorus, loading rate, and their returning and environmental pollution risks in each province of China were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the amount of pig manure equivalent(P) and P from livestock/poultry faeces increased rapidly from 1978 to 2005 and then remained stable from 2005 to 2016. By 2016, the pig manure equivalent(P) was 2.12×109 t and P was 5.45×106 t, representing a 123% increase, with the largest amount found in northcentral China. At the regional level, based on arable land or planting area, the southwest and southeast regions had large P loading rates with a grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ loading risk index(r), representing a serious or relatively serious environmental pollution risk. When based on farmland area, the southeast, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River(MLRYR), and northcentral regions had very high P loading rates, with grade Ⅳ r and a relatively serious pollution risk. At the provincial level, Hunan had the largest loading rate, followed by Beijing, Guangdong, and Henan Province, with a grade V r, indicating a serious pollution risk. The returned pig manure equivalent(P) and P to farmland values were 1.15×109t (3.1 t·hm-2) and 2.95×106t (8.0 kg P·hm-2), respectively. At the regional level, the northcentral region had the largest returning rates with an r of Ⅲ and pollution risk, followed by the northcentral and MLRYR regions, with an r of Ⅱ and light pollution risk, followed by the northeast, southwest, and northwest regions with no pollution. At the provincial level, Hunan and Beijing showed relatively higher returning rates with an r of Ⅳ and relatively serious pollution risk. Most provinces in the northcentral, MLRYR, and southeast regions, and some provinces in the southwest region had returning rates that were nearly or more than 50% greater than the annual permissible amount of P from animal faeces, representing a high pollution risk. |
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