| 张志勇,于旭昊,熊淑萍,马新明,王小纯,刘洋,闫广轩,李永革.耕作方式与氮肥减施对黄褐土麦田土壤酶活性及温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(2):418-428. |
| 耕作方式与氮肥减施对黄褐土麦田土壤酶活性及温室气体排放的影响 |
| Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat yellow cinnamon soil |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-0586 |
| 中文关键词: 耕作方式 氮肥减施 土壤酶活性 温室气体 |
| 英文关键词: tillage method nitrogen fertilizer reduction soil enzyme activity greenhouse gas |
| 基金项目:农业部-世界银行-全球环境基金-气候智慧型主要粮食作物生产项目（P144531，CSA-C-2）；河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目（S2010-01-G04） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张志勇 | 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002 | | | 于旭昊 | 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002 | | | 熊淑萍 | 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002 | | | 马新明 | 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002 | xinmingma@126.com | | 王小纯 | 河南农业大学生命科学学院, 郑州 450002 | | | 刘洋 | 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002 | | | 闫广轩 | 河南师范大学环境学院, 黄淮水环境污染与防治教育部重点实验室, 河南省环境污染控制重点实验室, 河南 新乡 453007 | | | 李永革 | 安阳市农业环境监测站, 河南 安阳 455000 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明夏玉米秸秆粉碎还田后，不同耕作方式和氮肥减施对土壤酶活性及温室气体排放的影响，采用静态箱气相色谱法，以传统翻耕和常规施氮量为对照（PT+CN），测定并分析了免耕减氮（NT+LN）、免耕常规施氮（NT+CN）、旋耕减氮（RT+LN）、旋耕常规施氮（RT+CN）、翻耕减氮（PT+LN）对麦田土壤-作物系统温室气体排放的影响及其与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明：土壤中脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现为0~20 cm高于20~40 cm土层，拔节期脲酶和蔗糖酶活性达到最高值。减少施氮量降低了土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性，其中以NT+LN处理土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性最低；不同处理小麦田均表现为CH4的汇和CO2与N2O的源。与对照相比，NT+LN、RT+LN、PT+LN、NT+CN、RT+CN处理的CH4平均吸收通量分别减少了25.57%、25.06%、18.03%、11.96%、11.61%，CO2和N2O平均排放通量分别降低了17.57%、12.28%、11.36%、10.24%、4.96%和34.05%、26.48%、20.60%、15.61%、3.02%；土壤脲酶与CH4排放通量呈负相关，与CO2、N2O排放通量呈正相关。蔗糖酶与0~20 cm土层的CH4排放呈显著负相关，与N2O排放呈显著正相关，但20~40 cm土层的蔗糖酶活性与温室气体排放通量相关性不显著。综上所述，在秸秆还田、减少化肥用量、提倡固碳减排的背景下，旋耕减氮处理是在保持较高土壤酶活性的同时减少农田温室气体排放的最优组合。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of different tillage methods and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions after cultivating corn stalks were smashed and returned to the field. By using static box gas chromatography method, and conventional tillage and nitrogen application(PT + CN)as control, we measured and analyzed the effects of no-tillage and nitrogen reduction (NT+LN), no-tillage conventional nitrogen application(NT+CN), rotary tillage and nitrogen reduction(RT+LN), rotary-tillage and conventional nitrogen application(RT+CN), and conventional tillage and nitrogen reduction(PT+LN)on greenhouse gas emissions from wheat soil system and the relationship with soil enzyme activity. The results of two consecutive years of experiments showed that soil urease and sucrase activities in layer 0~20 cm were higher than that of 20~40 cm. The urease and sucrase activities were highest at the jointing stage. Reduced nitrogen application decreased the soil urease and sucrase activity, with soil urease and sucrase activities at their lowest with NT+ LN treatment. All wheat field treatments showed as the CH4 sink and CO2 and N2O sources. Compared with the control treatment, the average absorption fluxes of CH4 in NT+LN, RT+LN, PT+LN, NT+CN, and RT+CN decreased by 25.57%, 25.06%, 18.03%, 11.96%, and 11.61%, respectively. The average emission fluxes of CO2 and N2O decreased by 17.57%, 12.28%, 11.36%, 10.24%, and 4.96%; and 34.05%, 26.48%, 20.60%, 15.61%, and 3.02%, respectively. Soil urease was negatively correlated with CH4 emission flux and positively correlated with CO2 and N2O emission fluxes. Sucrase activity was negatively correlated with CH4 emissions from 0 to 20 cm, and positively correlated with N2O greenhouse gas emissions. The correlation between the sucrase activity of the layer 20~40 cm and greenhouse gas emission flux was not significant. In summary, for the purpose of straw returning and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers, rotary tillage and nitrogen reduction treatment is the optimal combination to maintain high soil enzyme activity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. |
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