| 宋婷婷,朱昌雄,薛萐,李斌绪,张治国,李红娜.养殖废弃物堆肥中抗生素和抗性基因的降解研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(5):933-943. |
| 养殖废弃物堆肥中抗生素和抗性基因的降解研究 |
| Degradation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes during composting of livestock waste: A review |
| 投稿时间：2019-12-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1332 |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪便 堆肥 抗生素 抗生素抗性基因 微生物 |
| 英文关键词: livestock manure composting antibiotics antibiotic resistantance genes microbial |
| 基金项目:中国科协青年人才托举工程（2018QNRC001）；北京市自然科学基金项目（6192029）；国家水体污染控制治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07401002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 抗生素的滥用及排放会造成细菌产生耐药性以及抗生素抗性基因（Antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs）的传播和扩散。畜禽粪便是导致环境中抗生素污染的主要来源之一。本文综述了四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺类、磺胺类和氨基糖苷类等在水土环境中广泛存在的抗生素及其环境残留水平和对动植物、微生物的影响，分析了当前利用堆肥技术降解畜禽粪便中抗生素和ARGs效果及机制的研究情况。总结得出，猪粪中抗生素残留量最高，其中四环素类残留量为1390~354 000 mg·kg-1，磺胺类170.6~89 000 mg·kg-1，氟喹诺酮类411.3~1 516.2 mg·kg-1，硝基呋喃类85.1~158.1 mg·kg-1，大环内酯类1.4~4.8 mg·kg-1。堆肥对大部分抗生素具有好的降解效果，其中四环素类抗生素降解率为62.7%~99%，磺胺类为0~99.99%，对大环内酯类几乎可以完全降解，但是，堆肥无法降解喹诺酮类抗生素。养殖废弃物堆肥过程中，ARGs的降解情况同样因抗生素种类和堆肥方式而不同。已有的研究表明，除大环内酯类ARGs外，堆肥对其他ARGs均具有有效的降解效果，降解率为50.03%~100%。堆肥初期的优势菌门是厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门；堆肥结束后放线菌门成为最优势菌门。初始抗生素的浓度不影响堆肥结束时微生物的群落组成。温度和pH是影响抗生素降解的最主要因素，而ARGs的降解效果主要受温度影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The abuse and discharge of antibiotics can cause the spread and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Livestock manure is one of the main sources of antibiotic contamination in the environment. Antibiotics such as tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, beta lactams, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides, which are widespread in the soil and water environment, were studied. The levels of environmental residues and their effects on plants, animals, and microorganisms were assessed. The influence and mechanism of removing antibiotics and ARGs through livestock manure composting was analyzed. The aim was to provide technical support for the control of pollution by antibiotics and ARGs. It was concluded that the residues of antibiotics in pig manure were the highest, among which the residues of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, and macrolides ranged from 1390~354 000 mg·kg-1, 170.6~89 000 mg·kg-1, 411.3~1 516.2 mg·kg-1, 85.1~158.1 mg·kg-1, and 1.4~4.8 mg·kg-1, respectively. Composting had a good degradation effect on most antibiotics, among which the removal rate of tetracycline antibiotics was 62.7%~99% and that of the sulfonamides was 0~99.99%. Composting could almost completely remove macrolides, but could not remove quinolone antibiotics. During composting, the removal of ARGs also varied with the types of antibiotics and composting methods. Studies have shown that composting is effective in the removal of ARGs, except for macrolides ARGs, with a removal rate of 50.03%~100%. Moreover, Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominated in the early stage of composting. Actinomycetes became the most dominant at the end stage. The initial antibiotic concentration did not affect the microbial community at the end of the composting. Temperature and pH were the most important factors affecting the degradation of antibiotics, and the removal of ARGs was mainly affected by temperature. |
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