黄瓜幼苗对微塑料和镉污染的生理响应

李贞霞; 李庆飞; 李瑞静; 赵亚非; 耿佳慧; 孙涌栋; 周俊国; 王广印

文章摘要

李贞霞,李庆飞,李瑞静,赵亚非,耿佳慧,孙涌栋,周俊国,王广印.黄瓜幼苗对微塑料和镉污染的生理响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(5):973-981.

黄瓜幼苗对微塑料和镉污染的生理响应

Physiological response of cucumber seedlings to microplastics and cadmium

投稿时间：2019-11-11

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1241

中文关键词: 微塑料镉黄瓜生理指标

英文关键词: microplastic cadmium cucumber physiological indices

基金项目:河南省高等学校重点项目（20B210003）；河南省科技厅基础与前沿项目（142300410140）

作者	单位
李贞霞	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003 河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
李庆飞	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003 河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
李瑞静	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003
赵亚非	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003
耿佳慧	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003
孙涌栋	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003 河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
周俊国	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003 河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003
王广印	河南科技学院园艺园林学院, 河南新乡 453003 河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡 453003

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中文摘要:

为研究农田土壤中微塑料和镉污染对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）幼苗的生理效应，以两种不同粒径的聚氯乙烯微塑料A（粒径： <18 μm）和B（粒径： 18~150 μm）及20 mg·kg^-1的镉为试材，探讨微塑料与镉污染对黄瓜幼苗根系和叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明，微塑料A和B能够缓解镉污染对黄瓜根系活力的影响；微塑料A显著降低了黄瓜幼苗总根长，但对根直径无显著影响。微塑料A、B和镉的复合污染对黄瓜叶片SOD和H₂O₂的影响无叠加效应，反而呈现中和效应；微塑料B可以改善镉污染对黄瓜叶片MDA的影响。微塑料粒径不同，其对黄瓜叶片光合色素和光合荧光参数的影响也不同；微塑料A可以显著改善镉污染对黄瓜叶片类胡萝卜素的影响；微塑料B处理的黄瓜叶片对光能的吸收和耗散能力都高于微塑料A处理；微塑料B与镉的复合污染降低了黄瓜叶片对光能的耗散能力，但增高了其对光能的捕获能力。灰色关联度分析表明微塑料A和B对生理指标的影响与镉不同，镉与生理指标H₂O₂的关联度大；但微塑料A和B与光合作用相关的生理指标关联度大。本研究为农田土壤微塑料与镉污染的生态风险评价提供依据。

英文摘要:

To investigate the physiological effects of microplastic and cadmium pollution in the soil, the physiological characteristics of the roots and leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)seedlings were examined after treatment with two different sizes of polyvinyl chloride particles (A, particle size:<18 μm and B, particle size:18~150 μm)and a dose of cadmium (20 mg·kg^-1). The results showed that microplastics A and B alleviated the effect of cadmium on root activity. Microplastic A significantly reduced the total root length, but had no significant effect on the root diameter of the cucumber seedlings. Pollution by the combination of microplastics A and B and cadmium had no superposition effect on the superoxide diamutase (SOD)activity and H₂O₂ content of the leaves. Instead, it showed a neutralization effect. Microplastic B mitigated the effect of cadmium on malondialdehyde (MDA)content. The different microplastic particle sizes had different effects on the photosynthetic pigments and fluorescence parameters. Microplastic A significantly reduced the effect of cadmium on the carotenoids of cucumber leaves. The light absorption and dissipation capacity of cucumber leaves treated with microplastic B was higher than that of leaves treated with microplastic A. Pollution by the combination of microplastic B and cadmium reduced the light dissipation ability of cucumber leaves but improved their light capture ability. A gray correlation analysis showed that the effects of microplastics A and B on the physiological indices differed from that of cadmium. The cadmium treatment had a greater correlation with H₂O₂ content, whereas the treatments with microplastics A and B had greater correlations with photosynthetic indices. This study provides insights useful in the ecological risk assessment of microplastic and cadmium pollution in farmland.

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