| 夏淑洁,刘闯,袁晓良,李俊雅,李林洋,张润琴,李志国.不同氮钾水平及氮形态差异对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(5):1122-1129. |
| 不同氮钾水平及氮形态差异对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响 |
| Effects of different nitrogen and potassium levels and nitrogen forms on soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions |
| 投稿时间：2019-11-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1220 |
| 中文关键词: 氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 钾素 氮肥利用效率 |
| 英文关键词: ammonia volatilization nitrous oxide emissions potassium nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200108）；国家自然科学基金项目（41501313） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究不同氮钾用量下土壤氨（NH3）挥发和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放，为确定氮钾肥合理施用和大气环境保护提供理论依据。盆栽实验共9个处理： N0K0、（NO3--N）50K35、（NO3--N）50K80、（NO3--N）100K35、（NO3--N）100K80、（NH4+-N）50K35、（NH4+-N）50K80、（NH4+-N）100K35、（NH4+-N）100K80。分别采用静态箱法和通气法采集N2O和NH3。氮肥显著增大了N2O的排放通量和累积排放量以及NH3的挥发速率和累积排放量。N2O的平均排放通量和累积排放量从不施肥处理的15.8 μg·m-2·h-1和0.17 mg·kg-1增加到氮肥用量100 mg·kg-1时的45.6 μg·m-2·h-1和0.57 mg·kg-1。NH3挥发速率和累积排放量在氮肥用量为100 mg·kg-1时达到最大，分别为1.5 kg·hm-2·d-1和4.18 mg·kg-1。铵态氮为氮源的各处理N2O排放通量和累积排放量以及NH3挥发速率和累积排放量均高于以硝态氮为氮源的各处理。钾肥显著增大了NH3挥发速率和累积排放量，但在低氮水平下，钾肥显著降低N2O排放通量和累积排放量。化学氮肥施用量的增加是NH3挥发和N2O排放增加的主要因素，与硝态氮肥相比，铵态氮肥更易于NH3和N2O的排放。增施钾肥显著增大土壤NH3挥发速率和排放量，但降低了土壤N2O的排放通量，显著减少了整个生长季节N2O的累积排放量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ammonia (NH3)volatilization and nitrous oxide (N2O)emissions in soils under different nitrogen (N)and potassium (K)levels were investigated, in order to provide data and a theoretical basis for the rational application of N and K fertilizers, and for atmospheric environmental protection. A pot experiment was carried out, which included 9 treatments:N0K0, (NO3--N)50K35, (NO3--N)50K80, (NO3--N)100K35, (NO3--N)100K80, (NH4+-N)50K35, (NH4+-N)50K80, (NH4+-N)100K35, and (NH4+-N)100K80. N2O and NH3 were collected by the static chamber method and aeration method, respectively. N fertilizer significantly increased the N2O flux and cumulative emissions, as well as the NH3 volatilization rate and cumulative emissions. The average N2O flux and cumulative emissions increased from 15.8 μg·m-2·h-1 and 0.17 mg·kg-1 without fertilization to 45.6 μg·m-2·h-1 and 0.57 mg·kg-1 with N fertilizer rates of 100 mg·kg-1. The volatilization rate and cumulative emissions of NH3 also reached the maxima when the amount of N fertilizer was 100 mg·kg-1; the corresponding values were 1.5 kg·hm-2·d-1 and 4.18 mg·kg-1. Treatments with ammonium as a N source had higher N2O fluxes and cumulative emissions, and NH3 volatilization rates and cumulative emissions, compared to the treatment with nitrate as the N source. K fertilizer significantly increased NH 3 volatilization rates and cumulative emissions. Under low N levels, K fertilizer significantly reduced N2O fluxes and cumulative emissions. Increase of the chemical N fertilizer application rate is the main factor in the increase in NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions. Compared with nitrate N fertilizer, ammonium N fertilizer promotes NH3 and N2O emissions. Increasing the application of K fertilizer significantly increases the NH3 volatilization rate and cumulative emissions, but significantly reduces the N2O flux and cumulative emissions throughout the growing season. |
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