减量化肥配施紫云英对稻田土壤碳、氮的影响

程会丹; 鲁艳红; 聂军; 朱启东; 聂鑫; 曹卫东; 高雅洁; 廖育林

文章摘要

程会丹,鲁艳红,聂军,朱启东,聂鑫,曹卫东,高雅洁,廖育林.减量化肥配施紫云英对稻田土壤碳、氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(6):1259-1270.

减量化肥配施紫云英对稻田土壤碳、氮的影响

Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with Chinese milk vetch on soil carbon and nitrogen in paddy fields

投稿时间：2019-12-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1356

中文关键词: 紫云英双季稻产量活性有机碳活性有机氮

英文关键词: Chinese milk vetch double cropping rice yield active organic carbon active organic nitrogen

基金项目:国家绿肥产业技术体系（CARS-22-G-11）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD030150401，2018YFD03006）；湖南省农业科技创新资金项目（2018ZD02-2，2019LS03-1）

作者	单位	E-mail
程会丹	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125
鲁艳红	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125
聂军	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125
朱启东	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125
聂鑫	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125
曹卫东	中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
高雅洁	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125
廖育林	湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙 410125 湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙 410125 农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 长沙 410125	ylliao2006@126.com

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中文摘要:

以11 a（2008-2018年）长期定位试验为对象，研究了减施40%化肥下紫云英不同翻压量对双季稻产量及土壤活性有机碳、氮（DOC+MBC、DON+MBN）的影响，以探讨紫云英替代化肥的可行性和适宜翻压量。试验设置CK（不施紫云英和化肥）、GM_22.5（单施紫云英22.5 t·hm^-2）、100% CF（常规施肥）和减施40%化肥（60% CF）条件下将紫云英翻压量设为15、22.5、30、37.5 t·hm^-2 4个水平，共7个处理。于2018年晚稻收获后采集土壤样品，分析土壤微生物量碳、氮（MBC、MBN）和可溶性有机碳、氮（DOC、DON）。结果表明：与常规施肥相比，减施40%化肥下各紫云英不同翻压量处理早稻及全年两季稻谷产量持平或略有增加，且均随紫云英翻压量增多而提高。紫云英翻压量为15~30 t·hm^-2时，晚稻稻谷产量随紫云英翻压量的增多而提高，当紫云英翻压量多于30 t·hm^-2时，则呈下降趋势。除翻压紫云英15 t·hm^-2外，其他紫云英与化肥配施处理晚稻稻谷产量与常规施肥相比无显著差异；与常规施肥相比，紫云英与化肥配施均不同程度地提高了土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON含量。紫云英翻压量为15~22.5 t·hm^-2时，土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON均随紫云英翻压量增加而增加，当翻压量多于22.5 t·hm^-2时呈下降趋势；MBC/SOC和MBN/TN均随紫云英翻压量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，MBC/SOC在60% CF+GM_22.5处理最高，MBN/TN以60% CF+GM₃₀处理最高。DOC/SOC和DON/TN均在60% CF+GM₁₅处理最高；相关分析结果表明，土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC、DON+MBN与土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。土壤各活性有机碳、氮与早、晚稻及全年两季稻谷产量均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。综合考虑双季稻的产量效应及土壤培肥效果，在本试验条件下或与该试验区域气候特点和种植制度类似的南方水稻主产区，在减少40%化肥条件下，紫云英翻压22.5~30 t·hm^-2较为适宜。

英文摘要:

An eleven-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different incorporation rates of Chinese milk vetch on grain yields, active organic carbon(DOC+MBC), and nitrogen(DON+MBN)under a chemical fertilizer application saving rate. Another aim was to explore a suitable application rate and the effect of the substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch. The field experiments included seven treatments:CK(no application of Chinese milk vetch and chemical fertilizer), GM_22.5(only Chinese milk vetch application 22.5 t·hm^-2), 100%CF(conventional fertilizer), and Chinese milk vetch application of 15, 22.5, 30 t·hm^-2, and 37.5 t·hm^-2 under a 40% reduced chemical fertilizer(60%CF)application. Soil samples were collected after a harvest of late rice in 2018 to analyze soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC), nitrogen(MBN), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON). The following results were obtained:The incorporation of Chinese milk vetch with a 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer either maintained or increased the grain yields of early rice and double-rice compared with conventional fertilizer application. The grain yields of early rice and double-rice system increased by increasing the amount of Chinese milk vetch incorporation. The grain yield of late rice increased by increasing the amount of Chinese milk vetch incorporation when the amount was within 15~30 t·hm^-2. However, the incorporation of Chinese milk vetch over 30 t·hm^-2 showed negative effects on crop production. Except for the Chinese milk vetch application of 15 t·hm^-2, there were no significant differences in the grain yield of late rice between conventional fertilization and the treatments that were combined with Chinese milk vetch. Compared to conventional fertilization, the incorporation of Chinese milk vetch with chemical fertilizer increased the concentrations of soil MBC, MBN, DOC, and DON; these were increased with the increasing amount of Chinese milk vetch incorporation within 15~22.5 t·hm^-2. However, they showed a decreasing trend when the incorporation amount was over 22.5 t·hm^-2. The ratio of MBC to SOC and MBN to TN increased first and then decreased with the increased amount of Chinese milk vetch. The ratio of MBC to SOC and MBN to TN was highest under 60%CF + GM_22.5 and 60%CF + GM₃₀ treatments, respectively. Both the ratios of DOC to SOC and DON to TN were highest under a 60%CF+GM₁₅ treatment. The concentrations of MBC, MBN, DOC, DON, DOC+MBC, and DON+MBN, were positively correlated with SOC and TN(P<0.01). The grain yields of early rice, late rice, and double-rice had significantly positive correlations with the active organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations(P<0.01). In southern rice-producing areas with similar climate conditions, soil types, and planting systems with this experiment, the optimal application rate of Chinese milk vetch was 22.5~30 t·hm^-2 with a 40% reduced chemical fertilization due to its beneficial effect in maintaining grain yield and soil fertility.

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