| 张俊华,贾萍萍,刘吉利,孙媛,尚天浩.宁夏养鸡场粪污及周边土壤重金属和细菌群落特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(8):1692-1705. |
| 宁夏养鸡场粪污及周边土壤重金属和细菌群落特征研究 |
| Heavy metal and bacterial community characteristics in poultry farm manure and surrounding soils in Ningxia, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0303 |
| 中文关键词: 鸡粪 养殖期 土壤 重金属 细菌群落 重金属-细菌相关性 |
| 英文关键词: poultry manure breeding period soil heavy metal bacterial community metal-bacteria relationship |
| 基金项目:宁夏自治区重点研发项目（2019BFG02015） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解宁夏蛋鸡养殖场粪污和周边土壤中重金属及细菌群落状况，在宁夏最大的蛋鸡养殖区采集了不同养殖期新鲜鸡粪和相关土壤样品，测定了7种重金属含量和细菌群落组成及多样性。结果表明：该地区鸡粪中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和As含量低于全国平均值26.83%~93.23%，而Zn含量高于全国平均值28.74%，与德国有机肥料中重金属限量标准相比Zn超标6.94%。随着养殖期的推移，鸡粪中Cu、Cd、As含量均先减少后增加；育雏期Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg含量在全养殖期都相对最高，育成期鸡粪Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb和As含量均最低。鸡粪重金属综合污染指数除育成期属于安全水平外，其他4个时期均属于警戒限水平；高产期鸡粪重金属综合污染指数最高。养殖场周边土壤和施用了鸡粪的土壤Cu、Zn含量均高于对照土壤；各土壤重金属综合污染指数均处于安全水平。鸡粪中优势菌门是Firmicutes、Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes。土壤中相对丰度较高的是Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria和Planctomycetes。施用鸡粪后土壤细菌在门水平上数量发生变化，但并不显著。在鸡粪基本理化性质中，pH和全钾对细菌群落多样性和优势菌门有显著的促进作用，重金属中Zn的影响较大。土壤基本理化性质中有机质对土壤细菌优势菌门丰度影响最大，重金属中Cu和Zn对细菌多样性和优势菌门普遍具有显著影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the status of heavy metals and bacterial communities in the manure and surrounding soils of poultry farms in Ningxia, China, fresh poultry manure and soil samples were collected during different breeding periods from the largest laying hen breeding area in the region. The heavy metal contents and the composition and diversity of the bacterial communities were analyzed and the results showed that the mean contents of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As in the poultry manure were 26.83%~93.23% lower than their national means, while the content of Zn was 28.74% higher than the national mean and approximately 6.94% higher than the maximum limit allowed by German composting regulations. During the breeding periods, the contents of Cu, Cd, and As in poultry manure first decreased and then increased. Manure collected in the brooding period had the highest Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg contents across all periods, while the manure collected during the growth period had the lowest Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and As contents. The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals for poultry manure was only at a safe level during the growth period; it was highest during the peak laying period and remained at dangerous levels across all other breeding periods. Meanwhile, the Cu and Zn contents in the soils around the poultry farms and with poultry manure application were higher than those in the control treatment, yet their comprehensive pollution indices were at safe levels. The dominant microbial communities at the phylum level in the poultry manure were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes in soils occurred at higher relative abundances than other phyla. After poultry manure was applied, the relative abundances of bacteria at the phylum level in soils did not vary significantly. In poultry manure, pH and total potassium significantly promoted the diversity of the bacterial community and the dominant phyla; Zn had the greatest influence on the bacterial community among the heavy metals. In soils, the organic matter content significantly influenced the diversity of the bacterial community, and Cu and Zn significantly promoted the diversity of the bacterial community and dominant phyla. |
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