| 张伟明,吴迪,张鈜贵,黄玉威,管学超,陈温福.连续施用农用玉米芯炭的马铃薯生物学响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(8):1843-1853. |
| 连续施用农用玉米芯炭的马铃薯生物学响应 |
| Biological effects of consecutive application of corncob biochar to potato plants |
| 投稿时间：2020-02-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0138 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米芯 生物炭 马铃薯 产量 |
| 英文关键词: corncob biochar potato yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划生物炭基复合肥料研制与示范（2017YFD0200802-02）；国家重点研发计划稻田生物炭基培肥产品的研制与施用技术（2016YFD0300904-4）；辽宁省高校重大科技创新平台项目（生物炭工程技术研究中心）；院士专项基金项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步探明不同材质生物炭在马铃薯生产上的应用效果及潜力，利用玉米芯制备生物炭，测定其结构及主要理化特性变化，并采用大田试验方法，研究该玉米芯炭对马铃薯生长发育、产量、品质及病害发生等生物学特征的影响。结果表明：玉米芯炭具有富碳、多微孔特征，含有多种养分元素及阳离子交换量（CEC），总孔体积、比表面积分别比炭化前提高了4.37倍和3.89倍，适于农业应用。在连作砂质土壤施用玉米芯炭后，马铃薯株高及叶、茎干物质积累明显提高，利于促进马铃薯早发快长，连续2 a施炭的马铃薯中、大薯比例和小区产量分别比对照平均提高44.67%和29.01%，其中以C2处理（按4 500 kg·hm-2标准施用生物炭）的产量最高。同时，马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、还原糖含量分别比对照平均提高7.78%、14.59%、19.53%、15.38%，商品、食用及营养品质有一定提升。此外，玉米芯炭处理的马铃薯疮痂病、晚疫病发生率显著降低，分别比对照平均降低93.43%和87.77%，抑制效应明显。研究表明，玉米芯生物炭对马铃薯具有“促长、增产、提质、抗病”的生物学作用特征，适于马铃薯生产应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the effect and application potential of biochar with different materials on potato production, biochar was made from corncob. The structure and main physical and chemical characteristics of the biochar after carbonization were determined, and its effect on potato plant growth, yield, quality, and disease occurrence was studied via field experiments. The results showed that the corncob biochar was rich in carbon with a good microporous structure, various nutrient elements, and cation exchange capacity. The total pore volume and specific surface area were respectively 4.37 and 3.89 times higher than before carbonization, making the biochar appropriate for agricultural application. Furthermore, when the corncob biochar was applied to sandy soil with continuous cropping, the plant height and leaf and stem dry matter accumulation increased significantly, which promoted early growth development of the plant. The proportion of medium and large potatoes and plot average yield increased by 44.67% and 29.01%, respectively, compared with that of the control for two consecutive years, and the yield of the C2 treatment(4500 kg·hm-2)was the highest. At the same time, the average dry matter, starch, soluble protein, and reducing sugar content of potato tubers increased by 7.78%, 14.59%, 19.53%, and 15.38%, respectively, compared with that of the control, and the commodity, food, and nutrition quality improved to some extent. In addition, the incidence of potato scab and late blight in the corncob biochar treatment declined significantly with 93.43% and 87.77% on average, respectively, compared to that of the control. Generally, corncob biochar had the biological characteristics of "promoting growth, increasing yield, improving quality and disease resistance" and was therefore suitable for potato production. |
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