| 程万莉,樊廷录,王淑英,李尚中,张建军,赵刚,王磊,党翼.我国西北覆膜农田土壤微塑料数量及分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(11):2561-2568. |
| 我国西北覆膜农田土壤微塑料数量及分布特征 |
| Quantity and distribution of microplastics in film mulching farmland soil of Northwest China |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0505 |
| 中文关键词: 微塑料 分布特征 农田土壤 覆膜 |
| 英文关键词: microplastics distribution characteristics farmland soil plastic film mulch |
| 基金项目:国家玉米产业技术体系（CARS02-55）；甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金（2019GAAS-36）；甘肃省青年科技人才托举工程项目；甘肃省废旧农膜回收利用产业技术体系建设项目（2018-11-21） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采集甘肃和陕北9个县区27块长期覆膜农田的81份土壤样品，采用密度浮选分离和加热分析法，并结合显微镜扫描统计微塑料数量和面积。结果表明，西北覆膜农田土壤微塑料含量很高，地块之间差异极大，0~30 cm土层微塑料丰度5.8×102~1.189×104 pieces·kg-1，平均（5.09±1.21）×103 pieces·kg-1，微塑料面积82~4 155 mm2·kg-1，平均（1.04±0.20）×103 mm2·kg-1，微塑料大小平均0.19 mm2·piece-1，最大7.11 mm2·piece-1。按微塑料面积大小将其分为5个组，其中0~0.05 mm2·piece-1和0.05~0.3 mm2·piece-1组内的微塑料丰度分别占比38.8%和43.6%、面积分别占比8.7%和36.5%，0.3~0.6、0.6~1.0、>1.0 mm2·piece-1组内的丰度占比分别为10.5%、4.6%和2.5%、面积分别占比22.1%、16.8%和15.9%，即农田微塑料丰度随颗粒变小而增加。随着地膜覆盖年限增加，土壤中小颗粒微塑料丰度和面积所占比例增加，微塑料大小<0.05 mm2·piece-1的丰度和面积所占比例覆膜28 a较5 a分别提高了44.9%和85.2%，而>0.3 mm2·piece-1的丰度和面积占比却明显下降。长期覆膜农田土壤微塑料数量大，随覆膜时间增加颗粒变小丰度增加，土壤潜在污染加重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, 81 soil samples from the 0~30 cm layer were collected from 27 mulch farmlands in 9 counties of Gansu Province and north Shaanxi. The density floatation method using distilled water and heating identification was combined with optical microscope scanning to extract light-density microplastics (MiPs)from the soil samples, and count the number of pieces and sizes of these MiPs. The results showed that the MiPs were highly abundant in film mulched farmland soils in Northwest China. Their concentrations ranged from 5.8×102~1.189×104 pieces·kg-1, averaging at (5.09±1.21)×103 pieces·kg-1. The MiPs covered an area of 82~4155 mm2·kg-1, with a mean of (1.04±0.20)×103 mm2·kg-1. The MiPs were sized 0.19 mm2·piece-1 on average, the biggest size being 7.11 mm2·piece-1. The MiPs were classified into 5 groups by size, of which in the size 0~0.05 and 0.05~0.3 mm2·piece-1 the proportion of abundance and size respectively accounted for 38.8% and 43.6%, 8.7% and 36.5%, however in the size 0.3~0.6 and 0.6~1.0 and >1.0 mm2·piece-1 were 10.5%, 4.6% and 2.5%, 22.1%, 16.8% and 15.9%, respectively, implying that the abundance of the MiPs increased with the reduction in size. The percentage of MiPs sized 0~0.05 mm2·piece-1 in the plastic film mulch increased in abundance (by 44.9%)and area (85.2%)over a time period of 5~28 years. In contrast, the corresponding values for the MiPs sized > 0.3 mm2·piece-1 decreased significantly. These results clearly demonstrate that over the long term, the sizes of MiP pieces in film mulch farmland are reducing, whereas their abundances are increasing, leading to worsening pollution. |
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