| 杜泽玉,孙多鑫,杨荣,苏永中.张掖绿洲农田地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(12):2789-2797. |
| 张掖绿洲农田地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素 |
| Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of plastic film residue in Zhangye Oasis |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0690 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜残留量 区域分布 影响因素 张掖绿洲 |
| 英文关键词: residual plastic film amount spatial distribution characteristics influencing factors Zhangye Oasis |
| 基金项目:中国科学院A类先导专项（XDA23060302）；黑河流域自然资源要素综合观测试点（DD20208065） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过对地膜残留量区域分布特征及影响因素的调查研究，准确评估区域地膜残留污染现状，为提出区域性农田地膜污染防控措施提供科学依据。选择河西走廊张掖绿洲105个农田样地作为研究对象，监测农田土壤中地膜残留量，同时调查样地作物、土壤质地、地膜使用情况等指标，并进行统计分析与地统计分析。结果显示：张掖绿洲农田地膜残留量介于0.79~114.72 kg· hm-2之间，平均值为25.63 kg·hm-2，表现出西北部高于东南部的分布趋势，地膜残留量的空间异质性高且呈高斯模型分布特征；各县区地膜残留量表现为临泽县（49.07 kg·hm-2） > 高台县（33.72 kg·hm-2） > 甘州区（23.33 kg·hm-2） > 山丹县（11.32 kg·hm-2） > 民乐县（10.44 kg·hm-2）。地膜残留量受覆膜方式、覆膜年限、作物类型等因素影响：全覆膜、人工、机械覆膜3种地膜使用方式下地膜残留量差异显著（P<0.05），均值分别为37.35、27.46、15.26 kg·hm-2；连续覆膜10 a以上，地膜残留量显著增加（P<0.05）；种植作物中玉米农田（35.39 kg·hm-2）地膜残留量最多。研究区整体残膜污染处于中污染水平，其中临泽、高台县污染较重，覆膜年限是研究区地膜残留量空间变异的主要因素，贡献率达33.24%，作物类型次之（31.73%），张掖地区应因地制宜地合理调整农业种植结构并完善地膜使用政策，同时推广残膜机械回收技术，以减轻地膜污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Knowledge of plastic film residue amounts in agricultural soil is still lacking. Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of residual film amounts were investigated to accurately evaluate the situation of regional plastic film pollution and provide a scientific basis to propose regional plastic film reduction measures. To this end, 105 farmland plots were selected in the Zhangye Oasis, Hexi Corridor. The amounts of residual film in farmland soil were monitored and the impact indicators including vegetation category, soil type, and plastic-film use were also investigated. The obtained data above was analyzed through statistical and geostatistical analyses. Results showed that the amount of residual film in the farmland of the Zhangye Oasis ranged from 0.79 kg·hm-2 to 114.72 kg·hm-2, with an average value of 25.63 kg·hm-2, showing a higher distribution trend in the northwest than in the southeast. The spatial heterogeneity of the amount of residual plastic film in the study area was high with a distribution characteristic of a Gaussian model. The average values of residual film by county were of the order Linze County(49.07 kg·hm-2) > Gaotai County(33.72 kg·hm-2) > Ganzhou District(23.33 kg·hm-2) > Shandan County(11.32 kg·hm-2) > Minle County(10.44 kg·hm-2). The amount of residual film was affected by film-covering modes, mulched years, crop types, and other factors. There were significant differences(P<0.05)in the amount of residual film under the three kinds of film-covering modes, namely a whole film mulching mode, artificial film mulching mode, and mechanized film mulching mode, with mean values of 37.35, 27.46 kg·hm-2, and 15.26 kg·hm-2, respectively. The amount of residual film increased significantly after continuous film covering for more than 10 years(P<0.05). Maize fields(35.39 kg·hm-2)had the largest amount of residual film. Generally, the residual film pollution in the study area was at a medium level; Linze and Gaotai counties are heavily polluted, while Shandan and Minle counties are slightly polluted. Geographical analysis indicated that the number of mulched years was the dominating factor, which alone could explain 33.24% of the residual film spatial variability of the region, followed by the vegetation categories(31.73%). To reduce the pollution of plastic film, it is necessary to adjust the structure of agricultural planting, improve the policy of using plastic film according to local conditions, and popularize the mechanical recovery technology for residual film. |
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