| 林绍霞,柳小兰,张转铃,肖致强,张清海.贵州草海表层沉积物重金属污染特征与源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(2):390-399. |
| 贵州草海表层沉积物重金属污染特征与源解析 |
| Heavy metal pollution characteristics and source apportionment in overlying deposits of Caohai Lake, Guizhou Province |
| 投稿时间：2020-09-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1078 |
| 中文关键词: 贵州草海 正定矩阵因子分析模型（PMF） 污染严重指数 源解析 重金属 沉积物 |
| 英文关键词: Guizhou Caohai positive matrix factorization contaminant severity index source apportionment heavy metal sediment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（21767006）；贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑[2018]2349） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明草海沉积物中重金属的污染水平和来源，将沉积物重金属与贵州表生沉积物地球化学背景值进行比较，阐述重金属沉积特征，以生物效应浓度为参考，评价重金属对水生生物的危害性；利用主成分分析法（PCA）、正定矩阵因子分析法（PMF）两种模型解析重金属污染源。结果显示，沉积物中只有Cu、Cr平均含量未超过背景值，Cd、Zn、Hg、As、Pb相对背景值的超标率分别为100%、95.23%、92.86%、83.33%、66.67%，Cu、Cr的含量大多低于效应浓度低值（ERL），部分样本的Cd、Hg、Zn含量大于效应浓度中值（ERM）限值范围；两种模型均识别出4种污染源，分别为地表径流源占13.31%，人为活动源占45.13%，地质背景源占38.32%，大气沉降源占3.24%。研究表明，两种模型解析的污染源均可得到很好的表达，说明沉积物中重金属来源明确，在制定污染防治措施时应重视人为活动的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Caohai Lake is a typical and complete plateau degraded wetland ecosystem in China, with a high background of heavy metals caused by carbonate soil development. In order to explore the heavy metal pollution levels and sources in sediments of Caohai Lake, the heavy metals in deposits were compared with soil background values, and the heavy metal depositional characteristics were expounded. With reference to the biological effective concentrations, the hazards caused by heavy metals to aquatic organisms were evaluated; the heavy metal pollution sources were explained using principal component analysis(PCA)and positive definite matrix factor analysis(PMF) models. The results show that the average Cu and Cr contents in the deposits do not exceed the background values, and the ratios of Cd, Zn, Hg, As, and Pb contents exceeding background values are 100%, 95.23%, 92.86%, 83.33%, and 66.67%, respectively. Most of the Cu and Cr contents are lower than the effects range-low(ERL)value, while the levels of Cd, Hg, and Zn in some samples were greater than the limits of effects range-median(ERM). Both models have identified 4 pollution sources, where direct surface runoffs account for 13.31%, human activities for 45.13%, geological background sources for 38.32%, and atmospheric sedimentation sources for 3.24%. The pollution sources explained by both models can be well expressed, indicating that the heavy metal sources in the sediments are clear. High attention should be paid to the impacts of human activities when pollution prevention and control measures are formulated. |
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