高CO<sub>2</sub>浓度和叶面施锌对稻米锌营养的影响

杨阳; 户少武; 牛玺朝; 童楷程; 陈晨; 杨连新; 王云霞

文章摘要

杨阳,户少武,牛玺朝,童楷程,陈晨,杨连新,王云霞.高CO₂浓度和叶面施锌对稻米锌营养的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(2):436-444.

高CO₂浓度和叶面施锌对稻米锌营养的影响

Effects of free air CO₂ enrichment and foliar zinc application on the grain zinc nutrition of rice

投稿时间：2020-07-31

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0899

中文关键词: 水稻叶面施锌锌浓度植酸锌有效性

英文关键词: rice foliar zinc application zinc concentration phytic acid zinc availability

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31671618，31571597，31371563）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

作者	单位	E-mail
杨阳	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009
户少武	扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
牛玺朝	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009
童楷程	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009
陈晨	扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
杨连新	扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
王云霞	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009	yxwang@yzu.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

水稻是全球半数以上人口的主食，增加稻米中的锌营养水平对解决人类锌缺乏至关重要。依托稻田FACE（Free Air CO₂ Enrichment）平台，采用9个现代品种为供试材料，CO₂处理设置环境CO₂浓度（Ambient）和高CO₂浓度（增200 μmol·mol^-1）两个水平，锌处理设置对照（不施锌）和叶面施锌（灌浆前期喷施0.2% ZnSO₄）处理，研究水稻糙米产量、锌浓度、锌有效性以及锌肥利用率对CO₂和锌处理的响应及其品种间差异。结果表明，与Ambient相比，高CO₂浓度使所有品种糙米产量平均增加15.7%，但对糙米锌浓度、植酸浓度及植酸与锌摩尔比均无显著影响，不同品种和不同锌处理条件下趋势均一致；高CO₂浓度下扬稻6号和隆两优1988糙米籽粒锌肥利用率显著降低，而其他品种无显著变化。花后叶面施锌对糙米产量及植酸浓度无显著影响，但使糙米锌浓度平均增加37.3%，植酸与锌摩尔比平均降低29.1%，不同品种间响应幅度存在显著差异。以上数据说明，在环境CO₂浓度和CO₂浓度升高两种情形下，水稻花后叶面喷施锌肥均可显著改善稻米的锌营养水平，幅度因品种而异，而高CO₂浓度使部分籼稻品种的锌肥利用率显著下降。

英文摘要:

More than half of the world's population uses rice as a staple food, and increasing the zinc nutrition level in rice is vital to solve the problem of human zinc deficiency. In 2018, nine rice cultivars were grown at ambient and elevated CO₂ concentrations(200 μmol·mol^-1 higher than ambient)in a Free Air CO₂ Enrichment(FACE)facility installed in a paddy field. Foliar zinc application(0.2% ZnSO₄) commenced immediately after the flowering period three times at an interval of every five days. At plant maturity, the response of the brown rice yield, grain zinc concentration, and bioavailability in different rice cultivars to CO₂ and zinc treatment were studied, and the effect of elevated CO₂ on zinc fertilizer use efficiency was determined. The results showed that high CO₂ significantly increased the brown rice yield by 15.7%. However, zinc concentration, phytic acid concentration, and the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc of brown rice were not affected by elevated CO₂, which was the same trend observed for different rice cultivars and different zinc treatments. The grain zinc use efficiency of Indica rice cultivars YD6 and LLY1988 decreased under elevated CO₂ levels, but other rice cultivars showed no significant changes. Foliar zinc application had no effect on the phytic acid concentration and yield of brown rice. Foliar zinc application significantly increased the zinc concentration of brown rice by 37.3% on average but significantly reduced the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in brown rice by 29.1%, and the magnitude of each response varied significantly among cultivars. These results suggest that the spraying of zinc fertilizer on a leaf surface after flowering significantly improve the zinc nutrient levels of rice at both ambient and elevated CO 2 levels. Improvements varied with cultivars, but the zinc use efficiency of some Indica cultivars decreased with elevated CO₂.

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