| 王坤,娄运生,邢钰媛,刘健.不同遮阴处理下施肥对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(2):464-472. |
| 不同遮阴处理下施肥对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响 |
| Effect of fertilization on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy soils under shading conditions |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-13 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0953 |
| 中文关键词: 遮阴 施肥 施硅 水稻 温室气体排放强度 |
| 英文关键词: shading fertilization silicate supply rice greenhouse gas emission intensity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41875177，41375159） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1376 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 太阳辐射减弱是气候变化的主要特征之一。太阳辐射减弱下不同肥料种类和施用量对水稻生产、稻田甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的影响尚不明确。通过田间模拟试验研究了不同生育期遮阴条件下施用氮磷钾复合肥和硅肥对水稻产量、稻田土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计，遮阴设3水平，即不遮阴（S0，遮阴率为0）、水稻开花-成熟遮阴（S1，遮阴率为64%）和分蘖-成熟遮阴（S2，遮阴率为64%）；氮磷钾复合肥设3水平，即100 kg·hm-2（F1）、200 kg·hm-2（F2）和300 kg·hm-2（F3）；硅肥设3水平，即不施硅（R0）、钢渣200 kg·hm-2（R1）和钢渣400 kg·hm-2（R2）。结果表明，遮阴明显降低水稻产量，与S0相比，S1和S2分别降低了43.33%和48.51%。遮阴极显著降低CH4累积排放量，与S0相比，S1和S2分别降低了7.46%和57.71%；氮磷钾复合肥可显著提高CH4和N2O累积排放量，与F1相比，F2和F3 CH4累积排放量分别增加了48.34%和57.03%，N2O累积排放量分别增加了85.81%和192.98%；施钢渣硅肥显著影响CH4累积排放量，与R0相比，R1降低了20.42%，R2增加了17.56%。所有处理CH4增温潜势占总温室效应的比例均高于91%，稻田CH4排放在稻田总温室效应中起主导作用。研究表明，太阳辐射减弱背景下，保证产量的同时控制氮磷钾复合肥和钢渣硅肥施用量可有效降低CH4和N2O综合温室效应和排放强度，最适组合为复合肥100 kg·hm-2（F1）和钢渣硅肥400 kg·hm-2（R2）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The decrease in solar radiation is one of the main issues of climate change. Few reports on the effects of decreased solar radiation and fertilization on methane(CH4)and nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions under paddy field conditions are available. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound fertilizer and silicate fertilization on rice yield and the emissions of CH 4 and N2O under shading conditions. An orthogonal experimental design was adopted with 3 factors and 3 levels. Shading conditions were set at three levels:No shading(S0, 0% shading rate), from flowering period to maturity period shading(S1, 64% shading rate), and from tillering period to maturity period shading(S2, 64% shading rate). NPK compound fertilizer was set at three levels:100 kg·hm-2(F1), 200 kg·hm-2(F2), and 300 kg·hm-2(F3); silicate fertilizer was set at three levels:No silicate fertilizer(R0), slag fertilizer 200 kg·hm-2(R1), and slag fertilizer 400 kg·hm-2(R2). Results showed that shading significantly reduced rice yield. Compared with S0, S1 and S2 reduced rice yield by 43.33% and 48.51%, respectively. Shading significantly reduced the cumulative amount of CH4 emissions. Compared with S0, S1 and S2 reduced the cumulative amount of CH4 emissions by 7.46% and 57.71%, respectively. NPK compound fertilization significantly increased the cumulative amounts of CH4 and N2O emissions. Compared with F1, F2 and F3 increased the cumulative amounts of CH4 emissions by 48.34% and 57.03%, respectively and increased the cumulative amounts of N2O emissions by 85.81% and 192.98%, respectively. Compared with control(R0), R1 decreased by 20.42%, while R2 increased by 17.56%. CH4 warming potential accounted for more than 91% of the total greenhouse effect. CH4 emissions in rice fields played a major role in the total greenhouse effect of rice fields. This study suggests that the control of fertilization amount is helpful in decreasing sustained-flux global warming potential(SGWP)and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI), while ensuring rice yield production under decreased solar radiation. The optimal combination in this study is 100 kg·hm-2(F1)and 400 kg·hm-2(R2). |
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