| 张刚,张世洁,王德建,俞元春,张磊.秸秆还田影响长江下游稻田周年氮磷径流风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(3):640-649. |
| 秸秆还田影响长江下游稻田周年氮磷径流风险 |
| Straw incorporation affects the annual nitrogen and phosphorus runoff risk from paddy fields in the lower Yangtze River,China |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0499 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田模式 氮肥用量 氮磷径流风险 产量 |
| 英文关键词: straw incorporation mode N fertilizer application rate N and P runoff risk yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0801101，2017YFD0800105） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了阐明秸秆还田模式和施氮量对稻田周年氮磷径流风险的影响，于2014年11月—2015年10月通过监测稻田在稻季田面水和麦季径流中的氮磷浓度，研究了秸秆不还田配施推荐施氮（N1）、麦秸还田配施推荐施氮（WN1）、稻秸还田配施推荐施氮（RN1）、稻秸麦秸均还田配施推荐施氮（WRN1）和稻秸麦秸均还田配施常规施氮（WRN2）5处理对长江下游稻田周年氮磷径流风险的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田增加小麦和水稻周年产量，增幅约9.03%~18.5%，其中WRN1和RN1处理增产效果显著高于WN1处理；与WRN2处理相比，WRN1处理可以维持稻田高产。在推荐施氮条件下，秸秆还田分别降低稻季田面水和麦季径流中溶解态总氮（DTN）浓度约5.17%~14.9%和12.3%，降低稻田氮径流风险；但增加溶解态总磷（DTP）浓度，增幅分别为6.67%~33.3%和30.0%，增加稻田磷径流风险。RN1处理下稻季田面水中DTN和DTP浓度均低于WRN1和WN1处理，且其DTP浓度与N1处理间无显著差异。在稻秸麦秸均还田下，WRN1处理下稻季田面水DTP浓度与WRN2处理没有显著差异，但能有效降低田面水DTN浓度的12.4%。研究表明，在长江下游稻-麦轮作农田推荐采用“RN1”模式，该模式可以维持稻田的周年高产和有效降低稻田的周年氮径流风险，同时对稻田的磷径流风险影响不显著，是一种兼顾粮食生产和生态环境效益的耕作模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of straw incorporation and nitrogen(N) application rate on the annual N and phosphorus(P) runoff risk in paddy fields, we regularly monitored the concentrations of N and P in the surface water of a paddy field in rice season and the runoff water in wheat season. The effects of five treatments:recommended N fertilization rate without straw incorporation(N1), with wheat straw incorporation(WN1), with rice straw incorporation(RN1), with both wheat and rice straw incorporation(WRN1), and conventional N fertilization rate with both wheat and rice straw incorporation(WRN2), on the annual N and P runoff risk in a paddy field in the lower Yangtze River were studied. The results showed that all straw incorporation modes increased the annual yield of wheat and rice by 9.03%~18.5%, among which the WRN1 and RN1 treatments had a significantly higher annual yield compared to that of the WN1 treatment. Compared with the WRN2 treatment, the WRN1 treatment maintained the field's high yield. Under the recommended N fertilizer rate, straw mulching reduced the dissolved total N(DTN) concentration in surface water in the rice season and runoff water in the wheat season by 5.17%~14.9% and 12.3%, respectively, and reduced the risk of N runoff from the paddy field. Additionally, it increased the dissolved total P(DTP) concentration by 6.67%~33.3% and 30.0%, respectively, as well as increased the risk of P runoff. Among the three straw incorporation models, the concentrations of DTN and DTP in the surface water during rice season under the RN1 model were lower than those under the WRN1 and WN1 models, and there was no significant difference in DTP concentration between the RN1 and N1 treatments. Under the double season's straw incorporation, the WRN1 treatment significantly reduced the DTN concentration in surface water by 12.4% but had no significant effect on the DTP concentration relative to that of the WRN2 treatment. Therefore, the "rice straw incorporation in wheat season + recommended N fertilizer rate" model is recommended for rice-wheat rotation farmland in the lower Yangtze River region, which could maintain a paddy field's high annual yields and effectively reduce its annual N runoff risk but has no significant impact on the P runoff risk. This is a farming model that considers the benefits of grain production and the ecological environment. |
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