| 郭庆波,黄懿梅,贾鹏辉,李好好.柴达木盆地主要绿洲农业区水质现状评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(3):650-658. |
| 柴达木盆地主要绿洲农业区水质现状评价 |
| Evaluation of water quality status in the main oasis agricultural areas of the Qaidam Basin, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-07-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0773 |
| 中文关键词: 绿洲农业区 耕地 地表水 地下水 水质标识指数 柴达木盆地 |
| 英文关键词: oasis agricultural district cultivated land surface water groundwater water quality identification index Qaidam Basin |
| 基金项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK0603） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解青藏高原农业种植对区域水质的影响，以柴达木盆地主要绿洲农业区地表水和地下水为研究对象，通过现场调查和布点采样，在9个典型乡镇设置70个采样点，测定水样的总磷、硝酸盐氮、氯化物、硫酸盐、重金属和农药等指标，分析耕作活动对地表水和地下水的影响。研究区地表水综合水质标识指数为2.100，综合水质为《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）Ⅱ类。尕海镇、郭勒木德镇、格尔木市东、大格勒乡地表水综合水质达到Ⅰ类；香日德镇和察汗乌苏镇地表水中的总磷与德令哈市地表水中的COD浓度处于劣Ⅴ类水平，氯化物、硫酸盐和硝酸盐氮超标位点分别占总采样点的20%、6.67%和1.67%。地下水综合水质标识指数为2.300，综合水质为《地下水质量标准》（GB/T 14848—2017）Ⅱ类，怀头他拉镇、大格勒乡和察汗乌苏镇地下水中的氯化物和怀头他拉镇地下水中的硫酸盐分别为饮用水卫生标准限值的2.83、1.13、1.07倍和1.92倍，无法饮用。研究区重金属和农药浓度极低，其中铅、铜和砷浓度低于地表水和地下水Ⅰ类水标准限值，农药中啶虫脒、毒死蜱和阿维菌素浓度分别为限值的0.01%~0.21%、0.12%和0.93%；灌溉排水中总磷和硝酸盐氮浓度分别增加了37.8%和24.43%。柴达木盆地绿洲农业区水质总体较好，但农业耕作活动仍会对区域水质造成一定影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the impact of agricultural planting on the regional water quality in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 70 sampling sites were set up in 9 typical villages and towns in the main oasis agricultural areas of the Qaidam Basin. Through field investigation and sampling, indicators such as total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, chloride, sulfate, heavy metals, and pesticides in surface water and groundwater were measured to analyze the influence of farming activities on surface water and groundwater. The comprehensive water quality index of the surface water in the study area was 2.100. The comprehensive water quality was Class Ⅱ of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB 3838-2002). The comprehensive surface water quality of Gahai Town, Golmut Town, Golmud City, and Dagele Township reached Class Ⅰ. The concentrations of total phosphorus in Xiangride Town and Chahanwusu Town and the COD concentration in the surface water of Delingha were inferior to Class V, with chloride, sulfate, and nitrate nitrogen exceeding the standards at 20%, 6.67%, and 1.67% of the total sampling points, respectively. The comprehensive water quality index of groundwater was 2.300, and the comprehensive water quality was Class Ⅱ of the Groundwater Quality Standard(GB/T 14848-2017). The chloride concentrations in Huaitutala Town, Dagele Township, and Chahanwusu Town and the sulfate concentration in Huaitutala Town were 2.83, 1.13, 1.07 times, and 1.92 times greater than the sanitary standard value of drinking water, respectively; thus, the water was not potable. The concentrations of heavy metals and pesticides in the study area were extremely low. The concentrations of lead, copper, and arsenic were lower than the standard limit for surface water and groundwater Class Ⅰ. The concentrations of acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos, and abamectin in pesticides were 0.01%~0.21%, 0.12%, and 0.93% of the standard values, respectively. The concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in the irrigation drainage increased by 37.80% and 24.43%, respectively. The water quality of the oasis agricultural area in the Qaidam Basin is generally good, but agricultural farming activities will still have an impact on the regional water quality. |
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