土壤镉污染北方小麦生产阈值及产区划分初探

管伟豆; 肖然; 李荣华; 刘翔宇; 潘君廷; 黄永春; 张增强; 郭堤

文章摘要

管伟豆,肖然,李荣华,刘翔宇,潘君廷,黄永春,张增强,郭堤.土壤镉污染北方小麦生产阈值及产区划分初探[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(5):969-977.

土壤镉污染北方小麦生产阈值及产区划分初探

Investigations on the derivation of a safe wheat-producing threshold of soil Cd content and classification of Cd contaminated wheat-producing areas in northern China

投稿时间：2020-10-02

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1151

中文关键词: 镉富集系数定量关系阈值小麦产区划分

英文关键词: Cd bioconcentration coefficient quantitative relationship threshold level classification of wheat-producing area

基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0801101）

作者	单位	E-mail
管伟豆	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
肖然	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
李荣华	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100	rh.lee@nwsuaf.edu.cn
刘翔宇	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
潘君廷	中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081
黄永春	农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室, 天津 300191	nylab@126.com
张增强	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
郭堤	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

本研究在从我国北方6个小麦产区的农田点对点收集了147对土壤和小麦样品的基础上，分析了土壤样品的pH、Cd含量、有机质（SOM）、阳离子交换量（CEC）、黏粒含量（Clay）及小麦籽粒的Cd含量，并通过线性相关与多元回归方法分析土壤性质与小麦籽粒Cd富集系数（BCF）之间的定量关系。同时，利用物种敏感度分布法对小麦宜产、限产和禁产区进行了划分，并以保护不同比例小麦安全生产反推出了各划分区的土壤Cd含量安全生产阈值。结果表明，研究区域的农田土壤和小麦生产均存在一定的安全风险，土壤Cd超标率95.1%，小麦籽粒Cd超标率47.6%。除CEC外，土壤pH、SOM和Clay含量均与BCF呈显著相关，相关系数分别为-0.18（P<0.05）、0.14（P<0.05）和-0.53（P<0.01）。由土壤pH、SOM和Clay含量3个变量所建立的回归模型可解释54%的BCF变异。基于北方小麦产区土壤的性质特征，设定3种典型情景，即当土壤6.5≤pH<7.5（SOM=15 g·kg^-1，Clay=20%）、7.5≤pH<8.5（SOM=30 g·kg^-1，Clay=20%）和pH≥8.5（SOM=20 g·kg^-1，Clay=20%）时，小麦宜产区土壤Cd阈值分别为0.33、0.41mg·kg^-1和0.64 mg·kg^-1；禁产区阈值为1.93、2.51 mg·kg^-1和2.61 mg·kg^-1；土壤Cd含量在宜产区阈值和禁产区阈值之间即可划分为小麦限产区。

英文摘要:

In this study, 147 soil and wheat sample pairs were collected from six wheat-producing areas in northern China using a point-topoint collection method. To clarify the quantitative relationship between the Cd content in wheat grains and soil physicochemical properties, pH, Cd content, soil organic matter(SOM), cation exchange capacity(CEC), and clay content(Clay) were analyzed. The quantitative relationships between the physicochemical properties of soil and bioconcentration coefficient(BCF) of Cd in wheat grains were investigated through linear correlation and multiple regression analysis methods. Furthermore, the classification of wheat-producing areas as suitable yield, restricted yield, forbidden yield, and the associated soil Cd thresholds was derived using the species sensitivity distribution method for the safe production of wheat in different proportions from each divided area. The results showed that the farmland soil and wheat samples from the study area had some safety risks. It was determined that 95.1% of soil and 47.6% of wheat grains exceeded the Cd limits of soil and food standards. The soil pH, SOM and Clay contents were significantly correlated with BCF, with correlation coefficients of -0.18(P<0.05), 0.14(P<0.05), and -0.53(P<0.01), respectively. The regression model based on soil pH, SOM, and Clay content accounted for 54% of the variation in BCF. Based on the soil characteristics in northern wheat-producing areas, three typical scenarios, 6.5 ≤ pH<7.5(SOM=15 g·kg^-1, Clay=20%)、7.5 ≤ pH<8.5(SOM=30 g·kg^-1, Clay=20%) 和 pH ≥ 8.5(SOM=20 g·kg^-1, Clay=20%) were set; the soil Cd thresholds for the suitable yield of wheat-producing areas were 0.33, 0.41 mg·kg^-1, and 0.64 mg·kg^-1, respectively, while, the thresholds for the forbidden yield of wheat-producing areas were 1.93, 2.51 mg·kg^-1, and 2.61 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The area with soil Cd content in the range of the suitable yield threshold and the forbidden yield threshold could be considered restricted for the wheat-producing area's yield.

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