| 蒯伟,李厚禹,高艺,杨波,张春雪,徐艳,郑向群.三格式化粪池出水水质特征及对周边土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(5):1051-1061. |
| 三格式化粪池出水水质特征及对周边土壤环境的影响 |
| Environmental risk and influencing factors of effluent from three-compartment septic tanks |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1231 |
| 中文关键词: 三格式化粪池 环境风险 微生物群落 潜在致病菌 土壤 |
| 英文关键词: three-compartment septic tank environmental risk microbial community potential pathogens soil |
| 基金项目:创新工程所级重点《农村厕所粪污监测与处置利用关键技术模式研究》（2020-cxgczdrw-zxq） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步摸清三格式化粪池对粪污的处理效果及其对周边环境的影响，本文选择了广西壮族自治区典型村，对三格式化粪池第二、三格出水水质特征进行分析，同时采集三格式化粪池周边横向及纵向土壤，探究其理化指标与微生物群落结构的变化规律，从而阐述三格式化粪池产生的环境风险，明确三格式化粪池周边横向土壤与纵向土壤中潜在致病菌变化的关键影响因素。研究发现，三格式化粪池对粪污中的有机质（TOC）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的平均去除率分别为66.77%、61.82%和26.64%，然而，三格式化粪池第三格出水中TOC、TP、TN含量仍高达219.0、32.9、226.0 mg·L-1，TOC含量超过《农田灌溉水质标准》（GB 5084—2005）要求。三格式化粪池周边土壤中的TOC、TN、TP的含量随化粪池距离和深度的增加而下降。距离化粪池10 m处表层土壤TOC、TN、TP分别为23.2 g·kg-1、131.0 g·kg-1、72.3 mg·kg-1；而40 cm深度土壤TOC、TN、TP值分别为22.9 g·kg-1、89.0 g·kg-1、80.3 mg·kg-1。距离化粪池10 m处表层土壤TOC、TP、TN含量均高于背景土壤中TOC（22.3 g·kg-1）、TN（79.9 g·kg-1）和TP（71.3 mg·kg-1）的含量。PLS-DA分析表明，化粪池出水能够影响周边土壤环境微生物结构与分布，且三格式化粪池出水与周边土壤均检出潜在致病菌。通过Spearman与RDA分析可得，横向土壤的TP是影响潜在致病菌分布的关键环境因素（P<0.01）；纵向土壤中，TOC与梭状芽孢杆菌（Clostridiales）、拟杆菌（Bacteroidales）等个别潜在致病菌之间呈正相关关系（P<0.05）。结果表明：三格式化粪池可影响周边土壤的理化性质和微生物群落结构，可能是由于三格式化粪池存在溢漏、渗漏或者在粪污转运过程中的滴漏等，而污染了周边土壤。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the effects of three-compartment septic tanks on feces disposal and their influence on the surrounding environment, a study was conducted to investigate the effluent quality characteristics from the second and third tanks of three-compartment septic tanks in the typical rural area of Guangxi, China. Horizontal and vertical soil samples around three-compartment septic tanks were collected to explore the changes in their physical and chemical indicators and the microbial community's structure to determine the environmental risks arising from three-compartment septic tanks. The study also sought to clarify the key factors influencing potential pathogenic bacteria changes in the horizontal and vertical soil around the three-compartment septic tanks. The results indicated that the average removal rates of organic matter(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) in three-compartment septic tanks were 66.77%、61.82% and 26.64%, respectively. However, the TOC, TP, and TN contents in the third tank were as high as 219.0, 32.9 mg·L-1, and 226.0 mg·L-1, respectively, with the TOC content exceeding the irrigation standard requirements of GB5084-2005 Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard. The concentrations of TOC, TN, and TP in the soils surrounding the three-compartment septic tanks decreased with an increase in septic tank distance and profile depth. The concentrations of TOC, TN, and TP of the soil at a 10 m distance from the septic tank were 23.2 g·kg-1, 131.0 g·kg-1, and 72.3 mg·kg-1, respectively, while at 40 cm vertically, they were 22.9 g·kg-1, 89.0 g·kg-1, and 80.3 mg·kg-1, respectively. The TOC, TP, and TN content of surface soil at a 10 m distance from the septic tank was higher than that of TOC(22.3 g·kg-1), TN(79.9 g·kg-1), and TP(71.3 mg·kg-1) in the background soil. PLS-DA analysis indicated that effluent from the septic tank could affect the surrounding soil environment's microbial structure. Potential pathogenic bacteria were detected in the effluent and the soil surrounding the three-compartment septic tank. Spearman and RDA analysis indicated that TP in the horizontal soil was a key factor affecting pathogenic bacteria distribution(P<0.01). In the vertical soil, TOC was positively correlated with individual bacteria, such as Clostridiales and Bacteroidales(P<0.05). These findings showed that the three-compartment septic tanks could affect the surrounding soil' s physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure, which might be due to leakage or dripping during feces transport, thereby polluting the surrounding soil. |
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