| 姚成斌,周明忠,熊康宁,杨桦,张迪,杨连升,王贵云.撒拉溪石漠化治理示范区土壤-作物系统中重金属含量特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(6):1256-1267. |
| 撒拉溪石漠化治理示范区土壤-作物系统中重金属含量特征 |
| Characteristics analysis of heavy metal content in the soil-crop system in the rocky desertification control demonstration area in Salaxi, Guizhou Province， China |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1267 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤重金属 农作物 多元统计分析 空间分布 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词: soil heavy metals crops multivariate statistical analysis spatial distribution ecological risk |
| 基金项目:国家“十三五”重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0502601）；贵州省研究生教育创新计划项目（GZS[2016]04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示喀斯特高原山地石漠化治理示范区土壤和农作物系统中重金属（V、Sb、Mo、Tl、U和Mn）污染特征及来源，通过采集毕节市七星关区撒拉溪示范区土壤和农作物（玉米、马铃薯、刺梨、青菜、核桃和大蒜）样品进行重金属含量分析，采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险评价法评价了土壤中重金属的污染风险；并运用地统计分析和GIS相结合的方法得出示范区重金属的空间分布与成土母岩、煤矿开采及铅锌矿冶炼之间的关系。结果表明：林地土壤Mo平均含量略高于背景值，其余均在背景值以下；旱地土壤V、Mo和Mn平均含量与背景值相当，Sb、Tl和U均低于背景值。林地土壤Mo和旱地土壤V为轻度污染，其他均无污染。农作物中Mn和V平均含量显著高于其他元素，特别是马铃薯，平均Mn含量高达314.20 mg·kg-1，存在一定风险。农作物中Mn和Mo的富集系数高于其他元素，U的富集系数最低。潜在生态风险评价结果表明，示范区土壤重金属Mo单项潜在生态危害指数为22.64，存在中等生态危害；综合潜在生态危害均为轻微生态危害，危害等级较低。主成分分析将示范区重金属来源分为2类，Sb、V、Mn、Tl和U主要来源于成土母岩的风化，部分受铅锌矿冶炼影响，Mo主要来源于煤矿开采，同时受母岩风化影响；从空间分布来看，各重金属元素含量值空间分布特征与主成分分析结果基本一致。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals（V, Sb, Mo, Tl, U, and Mn）in agricultural soils and crops in the Karst rocky desertification control demonstration area of the Karst Plateau-Gorge, soil and crop（maize, potato, Rosa sterilis, pakchoi, walnut, and garlic）samples from Salaxi, Bijie, Guizhou Province were collected and analyzed. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk were calculated to assess the pollution risk of soils. Furthermore, geostatistical analysis and GIS were used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in soils affected by the natural parent materials, coal mining, and lead-zinc smelting. The results showed that： The average content of Mo in forest soil was slightly higher than the background value, and the rest of the heavy metals were below the background value. The average V, Mo, and Mn content in upland soil was equivalent to the background value, while Sb, Tl, and U were lower than the background values. The forest were slightly polluted by Mo, and the dryland soils were slightly polluted by V, respectively, whereas the other soils were not polluted. The average content of Mn and V in crops was significantly higher than that of other elements, particularly in potatoes, with a concentration of 314.20 mg·kg-1 on a dry weight basis. The enrichment coefficients of Mn and Mo in crops were higher than other metals, and U had the lowest. The potential ecological risk assessment results showed that the single potential ecological risk index of Mo in the demonstration area’ s soil was 22.64, indicating a medium ecological hazard; the comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the demonstration area’ s soil was minor, and the risk level was extremely low. The sources of heavy metals were mainly classified into two categories according to a principal component analysis： Sb, V, Mn, Tl, and U, classified in PC1, mainly originated from natural parent material, partly affected by lead-zinc smelting; Mo in PC2, was mainly affected by coal mining and also by weathering of the parent rock. From a spatial distribution perspective, each heavy metal’ s spatial distribution characteristics were consistent with the principal component analysis results. |
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