氮肥品种对露地蔬菜NH<sub>3</sub>挥发及经济效益的影响

李晓明; 居静; 夏永秋; 钱晓晴; 颜晓元; 周伟

文章摘要

李晓明,居静,夏永秋,钱晓晴,颜晓元,周伟.氮肥品种对露地蔬菜NH₃挥发及经济效益的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(6):1337-1343.

氮肥品种对露地蔬菜NH₃挥发及经济效益的影响

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types on NH₃ volatilization from open-air vegetable fields

投稿时间：2020-12-23

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1482

中文关键词: 氮肥露地蔬菜 NH₃挥发环境损益

英文关键词: nitrogen fertilizer open-air vegetable NH₃ volatilization environmental loss

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0213302，2018YFD0201203）

作者	单位	E-mail
李晓明	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225000 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
居静	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225000	jujing@yzu.edu.cn
夏永秋	江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008	yqxia@issas.ac.cn
钱晓晴	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225000
颜晓元	江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
周伟	江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008

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中文摘要:

为研究不同氮肥品种在露天种植中的NH₃挥发减排效果，于2019年5月至11月在中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站种植4季叶菜类蔬菜，利用密闭室-通气法研究了不同氮肥品种处理下露地蔬菜NH₃挥发排放，并计算了NH₃挥发造成的环境损益。试验共设置5个处理，分别为常规尿素（N200，每季蔬菜施氮量为200 kg·hm^-2）、硝基复合肥（N200A）、脲酶抑制剂尿素（N200B）、有机肥部分替代（N200C）和不施肥处理（CK）。结果表明： N200处理下NH₃挥发平均累积排放量（以N计，下同）为24.75 kg·hm^-2，N200A的NH₃挥发平均累积排放量为3.75 kg·hm^-2，与N200相比降低了84.84%（P<0.05），N200B和N200C处理的NH₃挥发平均累积排放量较N200处理分别降低了74.52%（P<0.05）和48.71%（P<0.05）；N200和N200C造成的NH₃挥发环境损益分别为928.13元·hm^-2和476.25元·hm^-2。N200A蔬菜产量最高，平均为34.03 t·hm^-2，与N200相比增加了25.13%，同时N200A的环境损益最低，为140.63元·hm^-2。研究表明，在太湖地区典型蔬菜地采用硝基复合肥、有机肥部分替代和添加脲酶抑制剂均可显著减少露地蔬菜NH₃挥发，其中硝基复合肥增产效果最好，NH₃挥发环境损益最小。

英文摘要:

To reduce NH₃ volatilization from open-air vegetable fields, NH₃ volatilization rates from four seasons of vegetables under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments were compared from May to November 2019 in Changshu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to local fertilization practices, the total N-fertilizer application rate was set as 200 kg·hm^-2, and five treatments were established： urea fertilization（N200）, nitro-compound fertilizer（N200A）, urease inhibitor urea（N200B）, organic fertilizer partial substitution（N200C）, and no fertilization（CK）. NH₃ volatilization was measured by closed-chamber ventilation methods, and environmental benefits caused by NH₃ volatilization（calculated by N）were calculated. The results showed that the cumulative NH₃ volatilization of N200 was 24.75 kg·hm^-2, while the cumulative NH₃ volatilization emission of N200A was 3.75 kg·hm^-2, which was 84.84% lower than that of N200（P<0.05）. The cumulative emissions of NH₃ volatilization of the N200B and N200C treatments were 74.52%（P<0.05）and 48.71%（P<0.05）lower than that of the N200 treatment, respectively. The environmental losses caused by NH₃ volatilization for the N200 and N200C treatments were 928.13 yuan·hm^-2 and 476.25 yuan·hm^-2, respectively. The N200A treatment had the highest vegetable yield, reaching 34.03 t·hm^-2, which was 25.13% higher than that of N200; meanwhile, the environmental loss（140.63 yuan·hm^-2）was lowest among all the treatments. This showed that NH₃ volatilization from open-air vegetable fields in the Taihu Lake region can be reduced by using nitro-compound fertilizer, partial substitution of organic fertilizer, and addition of urease inhibitor. Among these, nitrocompound fertilizer resulted in the highest vegetable yield and the lowest environmental loss caused by NH₃ volatilization.

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