| 万辰,马瑛骏,张克强,王风,沈仕洲.洱海流域不同有机肥替代对土壤理化性质及油菜产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(11):2494-2502. |
| 洱海流域不同有机肥替代对土壤理化性质及油菜产量的影响 |
| Effects of different organic fertilizer substitutions on soil physical and chemical properties and rapeseed yield in Erhai Lake basin, China |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1026 |
| 中文关键词: 洱海流域 有机肥 油菜 土壤理化性质 产量 |
| 英文关键词: Erhai Lake basin organic fertilizer rapeseed soil physical and chemical property yield |
| 基金项目:云南省专家工作站项目（202005AF150204）；云南省重大科技专项计划项目（202102AE090011）；云南省基础研究青年基金项目（2019FD120）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800103） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 万辰 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明 650201
云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 云南 大理 671004 | | | 马瑛骏 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 云南 大理 671004
东北农业大学资源与环境学院, 哈尔滨 150030 | | | 张克强 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 云南 大理 671004 | | | 王风 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 云南 大理 671004 | | | 沈仕洲 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站, 云南 大理 671004 | shenshizhou@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究洱海流域油菜种植合理的施肥方式，研究不同有机肥替代对土壤理化性质及油菜产量的影响，在云南大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站进行油菜田间试验。田间试验设置不施肥（CK）；常规化肥施用（CF）；以CF氮素折纯计算，设30%固体、液体有机肥替代（T1、T4）；70%固体、液体有机肥替代（T2、T5）；100%固体、液体有机肥替代（T3、T6），共8个处理。结果表明：与试验前土壤相比，除CF和T6处理土壤全氮含量提升2.66%和6.57%外，各施肥处理土壤全氮和全磷含量有下降趋势，T1、T2、T3土壤全磷含量与有机肥配施比例增加呈正相关，而T4、T5、T6呈负相关，施用液体有机肥使土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷含量在短时间内大幅提高；除T4处理外，有机肥的施用对土壤有机质含量均有提升作用，其中T5处理效果最好，提升了28.66%；T1、T2、T4处理均导致土壤容重较试验前土壤上升，上升幅度分别为15.84%、16.83%、17.82%；液体有机肥替代处理均导致土壤pH值较试验前土壤有所下降，单施液体有机肥下降幅度最大，降低5.17%；与CF处理相比，随着有机肥替代比例增加，油菜株高、角果长度、单株角果数、千粒质量、油菜产量均呈下降趋势，T1~T6处理油菜产量减少18.06%~76.65%，30%有机肥替代（T1、T4）与CF处理差异较小。综合考虑不同施肥处理对环境和油菜产量的影响，30%固体有机肥替代（T1）是较优的施肥方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to explore the rational fertilization methods for rapeseed planting in the Erhai Lake basin, to study the impact of different organic fertilizer substitutions on soil nutrients and rapeseed yield. The rapeseed field experiment was carried out in the National Field Observation and Research Station of the Farmland Ecosystem in Dali, Yunnan. The experiment set no fertilization(CK), conventional chemical fertilizer fertilization(CF), based on the total nitrogen of CF fertilization treatment, and set solid organic fertilizer to replace 30%, 70%, and 100% chemical fertilizer treatments(T1, T2, T3)and liquid organic fertilizer to replace 30%, 70%, 100% chemical fertilizer treatment(T4, T5, T6). The results of the study showed that, compared with the soil before the experiment, except for CF and T6 with soil total nitrogen content increased by 2.66% and 6.57%, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil under all fertilization treatments had a downward trend, and the total phosphorus content of T1, T2, and T3 soils was positively correlated with the increase in the proportion of organic fertilizers. However, T4, T5, and T6 were negatively correlated. The application of liquid organic fertilizer considerably increased the soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels in a short time. In addition to T4 treatment, the application of organic fertilizer increased the content of soil organic matter, and T5 treatment had the best effect, increased by 28.66%; T1, T2, and T4 treatments all caused the soil bulk density to increase compared with the soil before the test by 15.84%, 16.83%, and 17.82%, respectively. All of the liquid organic fertilizer substitution treatments caused the soil pH to decrease compared with the soil before the test. Single application of liquid organic fertilizer caused the greatest decrease, at 5.17%. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, as the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer increased, rapeseed plant height, silique length, number of siliques per plant, 1000-seed weight, and rapeseed yield all showed a downward trend, whereas T1~T6 oilseed rape yield decreased by 18.06%~76.65%; 30% organic fertilizer substitution(T1, T4)showed little difference compared with CF. Considering the effects of different fertilization treatments on the environment and rapeseed yield, 30% solid organic fertilizer substitution(T1)was found to be the superior fertilization method. |
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