| 孙国峰,王鑫,盛婧,张丽萍,王子臣,周炜.长期粪肥还田条件下稻米品质及氮肥利用率[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(11):2521-2527. |
| 长期粪肥还田条件下稻米品质及氮肥利用率 |
| Rice quality and nitrogen use efficiency under long-term application of pig manure or biogas slurry |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1023 |
| 中文关键词: 猪粪 沼液 水稻 产量 稻米品质 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词: pig manure biogas slurry rice grain yield rice quality nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（20）2014）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800105） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 孙国峰 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 王鑫 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 盛婧 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | nkysj@hotmail.com | | 张丽萍 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 王子臣 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 周炜 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 南京 210014 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确等氮量粪肥替代化肥对水稻产量、稻米品质与氮肥利用率的长期累积效应，本文基于长期定位田间试验，于第8~9a采用2种粪肥（猪粪、沼液）和2个氮替代比例（50%、100%）处理，对水稻产量、稻米品质及氮素吸收与利用进行研究。结果表明：等氮量猪粪、沼液和化肥处理水稻产量差异不显著。与化肥相比，等氮量猪粪、沼液处理提高了整精米率和稻米食味值，有助于改善稻米食味品质，其主要原因是降低了稻米蛋白质含量。等氮量猪粪处理降低了稻米垩白粒率和垩白度，有利于改善稻米外观品质；沼液处理对稻米外观品质影响较小。水稻氮肥吸收利用率（NUE）整体呈现等氮量沼液 > 化肥 > 猪粪处理的规律，并与氮肥生理利用率、稻米胶稠度呈显著负相关。其中，沼液处理年均NUE为41.9%~44.0%，高于化肥处理（40.7%），主要原因是增加了稻草氮含量。但与化肥相比，50%沼液、100%沼液和50%猪粪处理NUE差异均不显著，而100%猪粪处理显著降低了NUE。等氮量猪粪、沼液替代化肥有助于改善稻米食味品质；等量沼液、半量猪粪氮替代对水稻产量及NUE影响较小，而全量猪粪氮替代会显著降低水稻NUE。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study determined the long-term cumulative effects of equal-nitrogen manure replacement using a chemical fertilizer(CF) on rice yield, rice quality, and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE). Based on a long-term field experiment, two types of manure[pig manure(PM) and biogas slurry(BS)] and two nitrogen replacement ratios(50% and 100%)were selected to study the rice yield, rice quality, and nitrogen absorption and utilization in the eighth and ninth years. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the rice yield among the equal-nitrogen PM, BS, and CF treatment. Compared with the CF treatment, the PM and BS treatments increased the head rice rate and taste value of rice, which were helpful to improve the eating quality of rice, mainly because the protein content of rice was reduced. The PM treatment reduced the chalky kernel rate and chalkiness degree of rice, which were beneficial to improve the appearance quality of rice. The appearance quality of rice was unaffected by the BS treatment. The NUE of rice showed the rule of BS > CF > PM treatment, and there were significant negative correlations between the NUE and nitrogen physiological efficiency, and NUE and rice gel consistency. The average annual NUE of the BS treatment was 41.9%~44.0%, which exceeded the average annual NUE of the CF treatment(40.7%), mainly due to the increase in the nitrogen content of rice straw. However, compared with the CF treatment, the NUE of the 50% BS, 100% BS, and 50% PM treatment were not significantly different, whereas the 100% PM treatment significantly reduced the NUE. Overall, under the conditions of this experiment, the PM and BS treatments could improve the eating quality of rice. The 50% PM, 50% BS, and 100% BS treatments had little effect on the rice yield and NUE, whereas the 100% PM could significantly reduce the NUE of rice. |
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