| 陈玲,范先鹏,黄敏,刘冬碧,吴茂前,夏颖,张富林,张志毅,倪承凡,程子珍.江汉平原稻虾轮作模式地表径流氮、磷流失特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(7):1520-1530. |
| 江汉平原稻虾轮作模式地表径流氮、磷流失特征 |
| Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff under the rice-crawfish rotation system in the Jianghan Plain, China |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-01 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1397 |
| 中文关键词: 稻虾轮作 地表径流 氮流失 磷流失 江汉平原 |
| 英文关键词: rice-crawfish rotation system surface runoff nitrogen loss phosphorus loss Jianghan Plain |
| 基金项目:湖北省农业科技创新行动项目(2018skjcx01) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 陈玲 | 武汉理工大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430064
湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 范先鹏 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | fan1965@163.com | | 黄敏 | 武汉理工大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430064 | | | 刘冬碧 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 吴茂前 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 夏颖 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 张富林 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 张志毅 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 倪承凡 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | | | 程子珍 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所, 国家农业环境潜江观测实验站, 湖北省农业面源污染工程技术中心, 武汉 430064 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确江汉平原地区典型稻虾轮作模式的农田地表径流流失特征,推动稻虾综合生态种养模式的可持续发展,从2018年9月至2021年9月,采用原位监测的方法,对稻虾轮作模式典型田块地表径流发生过程进行了研究。结果表明:该模式稻田年产生径流10次,产流量(1 270±287) mm,产流系数44.7%。总氮年均流失量(24.59±4.70) kg·hm-2,其中虾季占50.8%,稻季占49.2%;总磷年均流失量(3.28±1.03) kg·hm-2,其中虾季占46.3%,稻季占53.7%。流失的氮素以可溶性总氮为主(77.4%),其中硝态氮占44.5%,铵态氮占34.8%;流失的磷素以可溶性磷为主(54.8%)。农田地表径流总氮平均浓度为(1.88±2.10) mg·L-1,总磷平均浓度为(0.25±0.14) mg·L-1。虾季总氮浓度平稳,稻季施肥后波动较大且有峰值;总磷只在虾季投料和稻季施肥后有小幅波动,并无明显峰值。稻虾轮作模式地表径流氮、磷的流失形态,径流总氮、总磷浓度,田面水中氮、磷浓度受田面水层与投入品的影响,虾季和稻季表现不同,平均氮、磷浓度值高于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准限值。研究识别出稻虾轮作模式的氮、磷流失风险时段为:虾季结束时的排水期、稻季成熟期的排水期以及强降雨和施肥后1周内的耦合期。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To promote the sustainable development of rice-crawfish integrated ecological planting and rearing systems, the characteristics of farmland surface runoff loss in a typical rice-crawfish rotation system were clarified in the Jianghan Plain. From September 2018 to September 2021, a typical rice-crawfish rotation plot was selected for in situ monitoring to study the surface runoff. The results showed that the annual runoff frequency was 10 times, the yield was (1 270±287) mm, and the yield coefficient was 44.7%. The annual total nitrogen loss was (24.59±4.70) kg·hm-2, of which 50.8% and 49.2% loss was in the crawfish and rice seasons, respectively. The average annual loss of total phosphorus was (3.28±1.03) kg·hm-2, of which the crawfish and rice seasons accounted for 46.3% and 53.7%, respectively. The nitrogen loss was mainly as soluble total nitrogen (77.4%), including nitrate nitrogen (44.5%) and ammonium nitrogen (34.8%). Phosphorus loss was primarily as soluble phosphorus (54.8%). The average concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was (1.88±2.10) mg · L-1 and (0.25 ±0.14) mg · L-1, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in the crawfish season was stable but fluctuated considerably and peaked after fertilization in the rice season. Total phosphorus fluctuated only slightly after crawfish feeding and fertilization in the rice season but had no obvious peak value. In the rice-crawfish system, the form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water were affected by the surface water layer and inputs. The crawfish season and the rice season showed different performances, and the average concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were higher than the class Ⅲ standard limit of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The risk periods of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the rice-crawfish rotation system were identified as drainage at the end of the crawfish season, drainage at the mature stage of the rice season, and coupling stage within one week after heavy rainfall and fertilization. |
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