文章摘要
吴蔓莉,肖贺月,贺豪华,王琪,高敬华.黄绵土中石油烃污染对蚯蚓的生态毒性风险研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(10):2131-2138.
黄绵土中石油烃污染对蚯蚓的生态毒性风险研究
Ecotoxicity risk of petroleum and hydrocarbon components to earthworms
投稿时间:2022-02-26  修订日期:2022-06-21
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2022-0181
中文关键词: 石油污染土壤  烷烃组分  多环芳烃组分  生态毒性  蚯蚓  当量风险
英文关键词: petroleum-contaminated soil  alkane fraction  aromatic fraction  ecotoxicity  earthworm  equivalent risk
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52070154,21577109)
作者单位
吴蔓莉 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 陕西省环境工程重点实验室, 西安 710055 
肖贺月 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 陕西省环境工程重点实验室, 西安 710055
西安建筑科技大学安德学院, 西安 710311 
贺豪华 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 陕西省环境工程重点实验室, 西安 710055 
王琪 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 陕西省环境工程重点实验室, 西安 710055 
高敬华 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 陕西省环境工程重点实验室, 西安 710055 
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中文摘要:
      对土壤中石油烃的生态毒性进行研究是治理和管控石油污染的重要依据。然而,总石油烃(TPHs)中烷烃(Alkanes)和多环芳烃(PAHs)组分的毒性风险效应尚不明确。本研究以蚯蚓为指示生物,利用微宇宙毒性试验研究不同石油污染水平对蚯蚓的毒性风险;以正癸烷(C10H22)、正十六烷(C16H34)、正二十六烷(C26H54)作为烷烃组分的模式化合物,以蒽(An)、菲(Phe)、芘(Pyr)作为多环芳烃组分的模式化合物,探究不同组分烃的当量生态毒性风险。结果表明:土壤中TPHs含量低于6 500 mg·kg-1时对蚯蚓的毒性风险较小。当土壤含油量超过13 000 mg·kg-1时蚯蚓初期有逃离土壤的行为,2 d后出现身体断裂以及死亡的现象,14 d可导致蚯蚓体重减轻50%。当土壤中含油量超过50 000 mg·kg-1时,14 d蚯蚓致死率接近100%。蚯蚓体内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性基本上均呈现低剂量(土壤含油量<3 200 mg·kg-1)激活,中等剂量(土壤含油量为3 200~6 500 mg·kg-1)抑制,高剂量(土壤含油量>13 000 mg·kg-1)再次激活的变化趋势。选取各模式化合物在10 000、30 000 mg·kg-1 TPHs中的当量浓度为添加浓度,探究各组分烃的毒性效应。研究表明,当量正烷烃组分中的C16H34、当量多环芳烃组分中的An表现出高急性毒性。当量正烷烃模式化合物C16H34、C26H54对蚯蚓的急性毒性高于当量多环芳烃模式化合物An、Phe、Pyr的急性毒性。因此,在石油污染土壤初期应充分重视烷烃组分的生态毒性。
英文摘要:
      Research on the ecotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is important for the management and control of petroleum pollution. However, the toxic risk effects of alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)components of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs)are not clear. In this study, we used earthworms as indicator organisms to study the toxicity risk of different oil pollution levels to earthworms using microcosmic toxicity test. The n-decane(C10H22), n-hexadecane(C16H34), and n-hexacosane(C26H54)were used as model compounds of alkane fraction. Anthracene(An), phenanthrene(Phe), and pyrene(Pyr)were used as model compounds of PAHs fraction to explore the equivalent ecotoxicity risk of different components of hydrocarbons. The results showed that the toxicity risk to earthworms was low when the content of TPHs in the soil was below 6 500 mg·kg-1. When the soil oil content exceeded 13 000 mg·kg-1, the earthworms showed fleeing behavior from the soil initially, and two days later the body broke off and died; 14 days could lead to 50% weight loss of earthworms in the soil. When the oil content in the soil exceeded 50 000 mg·kg-1, the 14 days earthworm lethality rate was close to 100%. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in earthworms basically showed a trend of activation at low doses(soil oil content below 3 200 mg·kg-1), inhibition at medium doses(soil oil content of 3 200-6 500 mg·kg-1), and reactivation at high doses(soil oil content above 13 000 mg·kg-1) . We selected the equivalent concentration of each model compound in 10 000 and 30 000 mg·kg-1, TPHs as additive concentrations, and studied the toxic effect of each component hydrocarbon. The results showed that C16H34 in the equivalent alkane fraction and anthracene in the equivalent PAHs fraction exhibited high acute toxicity. The acute toxicity of the equivalent alkane model compounds C16H34 and C26H54 to earthworms was higher than that of the equivalent PAHs model compounds An, Phe, and Pyr. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the ecotoxicity of alkane at the initial stage of oil-contaminated soil.
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