| 赖正清,肖雪纯,李硕,费国松,朱立国,闫浩,夏玉林.天目湖流域茶园非点源污染多尺度模拟[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(11):2405-2416. |
| 天目湖流域茶园非点源污染多尺度模拟 |
| Multi-scale non-point source pollution modeling of tea plantation in Lake Tianmu basin， China |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-04 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0563 |
| 中文关键词: SWAT模型 APEX模型 茶园 非点源污染 天目湖流域 |
| 英文关键词: SWAT model APEX model tea plantation non-point source pollution Lake Tianmu basin |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42101426，41671388）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20190711） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 赖正清 | 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 教育部虚拟地理环境重点实验室, 南京 210023
南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院, 南京 210023 | | | 肖雪纯 | 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 教育部虚拟地理环境重点实验室, 南京 210023 | | | 李硕 | 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 教育部虚拟地理环境重点实验室, 南京 210023 | lishuo@njnu.edu.cn | | 费国松 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局常州分局, 江苏 常州 213000 | | | 朱立国 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局无锡分局, 江苏 无锡 214000 | | | 闫浩 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局常州分局, 江苏 常州 213000 | | | 夏玉林 | 江苏省水文水资源勘测局常州分局, 江苏 常州 213000 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为定量评估茶园开发非点源污染产出对流域水环境的影响，本研究利用遥感手段揭示天目湖流域2000—2019年土地利用的时空变化特征，解析土地利用的数量结构和空间格局，并集成SWAT模型与APEX模型构建基于“源-汇”的一系列要素和过程的多尺度集成模拟方法。天目湖流域土地利用变化分析结果显示，规模化开发茶园后，该地呈现水源涵养区茶园集中成片、水库周边茶园向上游持续蔓延的特征。APEX-SWAT集成模型在天目湖流域取得了较好的模拟精度，模拟结果表明：规模化茶园开发后，茶园用地类型对天目湖流域的氮磷负荷贡献持续上升，至2019年，茶园总氮产出贡献超出其他土地利用类型成为第一贡献者，总磷产出仅次于耕地成为第二贡献者，洙漕河流域和平桥河流域成为两大重点氮磷产出的茶园聚集区。针对茶园的施肥削减、过滤带设置和退茶还林3种减污措施的情景模拟结果显示，退茶还林措施的氮磷削减效果最佳，其次为10 m过滤带设置，最后为20%施肥量削减。研究建议根据当地实际情况与经济效益，将水源涵养区高氮磷流失的茶园区转换为林地，并结合过滤带设置与避免雨前施肥等措施，实现丘陵山区茶园开发影响下的水源地水生态保护调控。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To quantitatively evaluate the impact of non-point source pollution on the water environment in low mountain and hilly areas with tea plantations as the main land use type, a multi-scale integrated modeling approach was applied in Lake Tianmu basin. Remote sensing technology was used to reveal the structure, spatial pattern, and variation in land use from 2000 to 2019 in the Lake Tianmu basin. By integrating the SWAT model and APEX model, multi-scale watershed features and non-point source pollution processes based on “source-sink” were simulated. Tea plantations were developed on a large scale in the Lake Tianmu basin and were concentrated in the water conservation area, and continue to spread upstream from the reservoir. The APEX-SWAT integrated model achieved good simulation accuracy in the Lake Tianmu basin after model calibration and verification. The simulation results showed that large-scale development of tea plantations contributes to increasing nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Lake Tianmu basin. By 2019, the contribution of total nitrogen by tea plantations exceeded those of other land use types, and the contribution of total phosphorous by tea plantations was second only to cultivated land. Moreover, the two key tea plantation gathering areas for nitrogen and phosphorus production in the Zhucao River watershed and Pingqiao River watershed were spatially determined. The integrated model was applied to simulate three pollution reduction measures related to fertilization reduction, filter belts, and returning tea to forests for tea plantations. Returning tea to forests was the most effective approach for reducing total nitrogen and total phosphorous, followed by planting a 10 m vegetation filter belt in areas in which tea plantations were concentrated and reducing fertilizer application on tea plantations by 20%. Based on these results, to protect the water ecology of water sources influenced by tea plantation development in low mountain and hilly areas, tea plantations with high nitrogen and phosphorus loss in water conservation areas should be converted into forest land and combined with measures such as setting filter belts and avoiding fertilization before rain, according to the local conditions and economic benefits. |
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