外源Ca<sup>2+</sup>对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响

张元棋; 梁婵娟

文章摘要

张元棋,梁婵娟.外源Ca²⁺对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(11):2468-2477.

外源Ca²⁺对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响

Exogenous Ca²⁺ application regulates nitrogen uptake in roots of different resistant rice varieties under simulated acid rain stress

投稿时间：2022-03-15

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0245

中文关键词: 外源Ca²⁺ 模拟酸雨水稻耐酸性差异氮吸收质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平

英文关键词: exogenous Ca²⁺ simulated acid rain rice differences in acid tolerance nitrogen uptake plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase phosphorylation level

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31971407，31370517）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20161131）；江苏省研究生研究与实践创新项目（KYCX20_1952）

作者	单位	E-mail
张元棋	江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室, 江南大学环境与土木工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122
梁婵娟	江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室, 江南大学环境与土木工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122 江苏水处理技术与材料协同创新中心, 苏州科技大学, 江苏苏州 215009	liangchanjuan@jiangnan.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为减轻酸雨对植物生长的不利影响，探究Ca²⁺对植物耐酸性的调控机制，本文以五优308（抗性种）和南粳9108（敏感种）两个品种水稻为研究对象，研究外源Ca²⁺对低强度酸雨（pH 4.5，SAR1）和高强度酸雨（pH 3.0，SAR2）胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长、氮（NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）含量及吸收速率、ATP含量、质膜H⁺-ATPase活性及其磷酸化水平的影响。结果表明： SAR1处理下两个品种水稻的H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性增加（P<0.05），促进ATP分解，增加供能，使NH₄⁺吸收增加（P<0.05），但NH₄⁺仅在南粳9108根中过量积累（P<0.05），引起铵毒，造成根系生长抑制，五优308中NO₃^-和NH₄⁺含量及其生长均未受影响（P>0.05）。SAR2处理下，两个品种水稻质膜H⁺-ATPase活性和NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收速率及含量均降低，根系生长受到抑制（P<0.05），其中南粳9108降幅大于五优308。Ca²⁺+SAR1处理组两个品种水稻根系质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长均与对照（叶喷去离子水处理）差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ca²⁺+SAR2处理下H⁺-ATPase活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长低于对照（P<0.05），但显著高于单一SAR2处理（P<0.05）。研究表明，外源Ca²⁺可有效保障模拟酸雨（pH 4.5、3.0）下质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平，促进H⁺-ATPase活性升高，缓解酸雨对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收的抑制，维持根系生长。其中，外源Ca²⁺对相同强度模拟酸雨胁迫下五优308的调控效果优于南粳9108，说明外源Ca²⁺对酸雨胁迫下植物氮吸收的影响不仅受酸雨强度限制，而且也会受品种影响。本实验中，外源Ca²⁺对不同强度酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻氮吸收均有调控效果，合理利用外源Ca²⁺将有助于调节酸雨区农作物的营养吸收，缓解酸雨对农业生产的危害。

英文摘要:

To alleviate the adverse effect of acid rain on plant growth, the regulation mechanism of Ca²⁺ on tolerance of plants to acid was explored. In this study, two rice cultivars, Wuyou 308（resistant cultivar）and Nanjing 9108（sensitive cultivar）, were selected as research objects. The effect of exogenous Ca²⁺ on root growth, nitrogen（NO₃^- and NH₄⁺）content and uptake rates, ATP content, and plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activity and phosphorylation levels in rice seedlings under low-intensity（pH 4.5, SAR1）and high-intensity（pH 3.0, SAR2） simulated acid rain were studied. The results showed that under SAR1 treatment, H⁺-ATPase phosphorylation levels and activity increased in the two rice cultivars, which promoted the decomposition of ATP and increased energy supply, thereby inducing an increase in NH₄⁺ uptake. However, the accumulation of NH₄⁺ was excessive only in Nanjing 9108, causing ammonium toxicity and inhibiting root growth. Under the same treatment, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ levels and growth did not change in Wuyou 308. Under SAR2 treatment, H⁺-ATPase activity and NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ uptake rates and levels as well as root growth decreased in the two rice cultivars. Among them, the degree of decrease in Nanjing 9108 was greater than that in Wuyou 308. Under Ca²⁺+SAR1 treatment, H⁺-ATPase phosphorylation levels and activity in the root plasma membrane, uptake and accumulation of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺, as well as root growth of the two rice cultivars were not significantly different from those in the control（the treatment which leaves sprayed deionized water）. The H⁺-ATPase activity, uptake and accumulation of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺, and root growth of the two rice cultivars under Ca²⁺+SAR2 treatment were lower than those in the control, but significantly higher than those under SAR2 treatment alone. The results showed that exogenous Ca²⁺ effectively guaranteed the phosphorylation levels of H⁺-ATPase and promoted H⁺-ATPase activity, and then relieved the inhibition of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ uptake and maintained root growth under simulated acid rain（pH 4.5 and 3.0）. Among treatments, at the same simulated acid rain intensity, regulation of exogenous Ca²⁺ in Wuyou 308 was better than that in Nanjing 9108, indicating that the effect of exogenous Ca²⁺ on nitrogen uptake under simulated acid rain was not only limited by acid rain intensity, but also exhibited differences in cultivars. In this experiment, exogenous Ca²⁺ has a regulatory effect on the nitrogen uptake process of different resistant rice under acid rain stress of different intensities, and the rational application of exogenous Ca²⁺ can help regulate the nutrient uptake of crops in areas with acid rain to alleviate the damage caused by acid rain to agricultural production.

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