生物炭对棕壤团聚体空间分布及有机碳的影响

孙强; 杨旭; 孟军; 兰宇; 韩晓日

文章摘要

孙强,杨旭,孟军,兰宇,韩晓日.生物炭对棕壤团聚体空间分布及有机碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(11):2515-2524.

生物炭对棕壤团聚体空间分布及有机碳的影响

Effects of biochar on soil aggregate spatial distribution and soil organic carbon in brown earth soil

投稿时间：2022-03-29

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0305

中文关键词: 生物炭施用量土壤团聚体团聚体稳定性土壤有机碳

英文关键词: biochar application amount soil aggregate aggregate stability soil organic carbon

基金项目:现代农业产业技术研究系统专项基金（CARS-01-51）；沈阳市科技计划项目（22-317-2-08）

作者	单位	E-mail
孙强	农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院农业资源与环境博士后流动站, 沈阳 110866
杨旭	农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院农业资源与环境博士后流动站, 沈阳 110866
孟军	农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院, 沈阳 110866	mengjun1217@syau.edu.cn
兰宇	农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院, 沈阳 110866
韩晓日	农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院, 沈阳 110866 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院农业资源与环境博士后流动站, 沈阳 110866	hanxr@syau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为研究一次性施入玉米秸秆生物炭对棕壤团聚体的空间分布和有机碳含量的影响，于2013年在辽宁沈阳棕壤区建立长期定位试验，试验共设置4个处理，分别为C0 （不施炭），C1 （一次性施入玉米秸秆生物炭15.75 t·hm^-2），C2 （一次性施入玉米秸秆生物炭31.50 t·hm^-2），C3（一次性施入玉米秸秆生物炭47.25 t·hm^-2），分析土壤团聚体的空间分布及有机碳含量变化情况。结果表明：与C0相比，生物炭显著提高了耕层（0~20 cm）土壤有机碳含量，随着生物炭施用量的增加，C1、C2和C3处理耕层有机碳含量分别提高了6.81%、11.06%和41.62%。耕层土壤团聚体稳定性随着生物炭施用量的增加，呈现出先增加后降低的趋势，但C3处理仍然显著高于C0处理。20~40 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量随生物炭施用的增加而显著提高，与C0相比较，C1、C2和C3处理分别提高了92.36%、111.63%和123.25%，该土层微团聚体含量随着生物炭施用量的增加而显著降低，C3处理的粉黏粒含量也显著降低，大团聚体含量随着生物炭施用量的增加而显著提高。C3处理平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）均显著高于其他处理。40~60 cm土层中仅C3处理显著提高了土壤有机碳含量，与C0相比较，其提高幅度为4.67%，C3处理也相应地提高了大团聚体含量和GMD。研究表明，一次性施用生物炭不仅提高了耕层土壤有机碳含量、大团聚体含量和团聚体稳定性，也会相应地提高耕层以下土层有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性。对土壤耕层而言，生物炭作为土壤改良剂有其最适宜施用量，在本研究中，最适宜的施用量为31.50 t·hm^-2（C2处理）。生物炭对耕层以下土壤有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性的提高受生物炭施用量的影响，生物炭施用量越高，其对耕层以下土层的影响越大。

英文摘要:

The object of this study is to explore the effects of the use of maize straw biochar on the spatial distribution of soil aggregates and organic carbon content in brown earth soil. We conducted long-term field experiments in 2013. We applied four treatments： C0（no biochar application）, C1（biochar applied at a rate of 15.75 t·hm^-2 at the beginning of the experiment）, C2（biochar applied at a rate of 31.50 t·hm^-2）, and C3（biochar applied at a rate of 47.25 t·hm^-2）. The application of biochar enhanced the soil organic carbon（SOC）content in the plow layer by 6.81%, 11.06%, and 41.62% in the C1, C2, and C3 treatment, respectively, compared with that in the C0 treatment. With the increase in biochar application dosage, the soil aggregate stability in the plow layer first increased and then decreased but that in the C3 treatment remained substantially higher than that in the C0 treatment. In the 20-40 cm layer, the SOC content was the same as that in the plow layer. Compared with that in the C0 treatment, SOC content increased by 92.36%, 111.63%, and 123.25% in C1, C2, and C3 treatment, respectively. The silt and clay contents in the C3 treatment considerably decreased with increasing biochar application dosage, and the macroaggregate content substantially increased with increasing biochar application dosage. The mean weight diameter（MWD）and geometric mean diameter（GMD）were notably higher in the C3 treatment than in the other treatments. In the 40-60 cm layer, only the C3 treatment remarkably enhanced soil organic carbon content by 4.67%. The macroaggregate content and GMD were also considerably higher in the C3 treatment than that of CK. Our results indicated that the application of biochar enhanced not only the SOC content, macroaggregates, and soil aggregate stability, but also the organic carbon content and aggregate stability in the subsurface soil layers under the plow layer. Biochar, as a soil amendment, might have an optimal dosage; the best dosage in this study was that in the C2 treatment （31.50 t·hm^-2）. The effects of the application of biochar on the improvement in the deep soil layers depended on the biochar dosage, with a higher biochar application rate having notable effects.

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