| 康兴蓉,周旋,彭建伟,杨相东,徐章倩,黄粤林,费讲驰.包膜尿素与普通尿素配施对稻田氨挥发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(11):2539-2551. |
| 包膜尿素与普通尿素配施对稻田氨挥发的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of coated ureas and ordinary ureas on ammonia volatilization in paddy fields |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-22 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0946 |
| 中文关键词: 控释掺混肥 聚氨酯包膜尿素 氨挥发 稻田 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词: controlled-release blended fertilizer polyurethane-coated urea ammonia volatilization paddy field nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD200703-3）；国家水稻产业技术体系（CARS-01-26）；湖南省农业科技创新资金项目（2019LS03-3）；湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目（2019JJ50337） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 794 |
| 全文下载次数: 974 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为有效减少平原河网双季稻种植区农田氮素（N）损失并提高N肥利用率，采用聚氨酯包膜尿素与普通尿素掺混一次性施肥技术，探究控释掺混肥对早稻季氨挥发损失及N肥利用率的影响。连续两年（2018—2019年）在湖南益阳开展田间试验，设置不施N肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、聚氨酯包膜尿素（PuCU）、聚氨酯包膜尿素与普通尿素以6∶4比例配比（0.6PuCU+0.4CF）共4个处理，采用半密闭通气法监测水稻生育期间氨挥发特征。结果表明： CF和0.6PuCU+0.4CF处理稻田氨挥发主要发生在移栽后10 d内，峰值出现于第2~3天和第10天；而PuCU处理整个早稻生长季氨挥发通量缓慢，略高于CK处理。早稻全生育期CF处理氨挥发损失量（率）最高，达39.48 kg·hm-2（22.22%），N肥吸收利用率（NRE）和N肥农学利用率（NAE）分别为29.19%和13.82 kg·kg-1；PuCU和0.6PuCU+0.4CF处理氨挥发损失量（率）分别为12.01 kg·hm-2（3.91%）和20.70 kg·hm-2（9.70%），NRE分别为60.22%和71.36%，NAE分别为18.99 kg·kg-1和20.34 kg·kg-1。其中，0.6PuCU+0.4CF和PuCU处理早稻季总计氨挥发损失量较CF处理分别降低47.57%和69.56%，而NRE分别提高163.08%和116.29%，NAE分别提高69.85%和55.97%。Elovich方程能较好地拟合稻田氨挥发累积量随时间的变化趋势，各处理相关系数均达到极显著水平。相关分析表明，早稻季氨挥发通量与田面水NH4+-N浓度及pH呈显著正相关。研究表明，聚氨酯包膜尿素一次性基施能有效避免施肥后NH4+-N的急剧升高，减少稻田氨挥发损失，并提高早稻N肥利用率，而将其与尿素按比例进行互配能进一步促进N素吸收，提高N素利用效率，但氨挥发减排效果较单施聚氨酯包膜尿素低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To effectively reduce the loss of N and improve the N fertilizer use rate in the double-cropping rice areas of plain river networks, this study used one-time fertilization with polyurethane-coated and common ureas to explore the effects of the controlled release fertilizer on ammonia volatilization loss and N use efficiency in the early rice season. We conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years, 2018 to 2019, in Yiyang, Hunan Province, China. We set four treatments：no N fertilizer（CK）, conventional fertilization（CF）, polyurethane-coated urea（PuCU）, and a 6∶4 ratio of polyurethane-coated urea to common urea（0.6PuCU + 0.4CF）. We monitored the characteristics of ammonia volatilization during rice growth using semi closed ventilation. The results showed that ammonia volatilization mainly occurred within 10 days after fertilization under the CF and 0.6PuCU + 0.4CF treatments, and the peak values occurred on the second to third and tenth days, respectively. However, the ammonia volatilization flux of the PuCU treatment was slow during the entire early rice-growing season, being slightly higher than that of the CK treatment. We observed the maximum ammonia volatilization loss（rate） of 39.48 kg·hm-2（22.22%）in the CF treatment, and the N recovery efficiency（NRE）and N agronomic efficiency（NAE）were 29.19% and 13.82 kg·kg-1, respectively. The total ammonia volatilization loss（rate）of the PuCU and 0.6PuCU+0.4CF treatments were 12.01 kg·hm-2 （3.91%）and 20.70 kg·hm-2（9.70%）, respectively; the NRE were 60.22% and 71.36%, respectively; and the NAE were 18.99 kg·kg-1 and 20.34 kg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with that in the CF treatment, the total ammonia volatilization loss in the 0.6PuCU+0.4CF and PuCU treatments were lower by 47.57% and 69.56%, respectively, whereas NRE increased by 163.08% and 116.29% and NAE by 69.85% and 55.97%, respectively. The Elovich equation fit the variation trend of ammonia volatilization accumulation in rice fields with time, and the correlation coefficients of each treatment were extremely significant. From the results of correlation analysis, we found a significant positive correlation between ammonia volatilization flux and pH and the concentrations of NH4+-N in surface water during the early rice season. Overall, we found that a one-time base application of polyurethane-coated urea can effectively avoid the sharp rise in NH4+-N, reduce ammonia volatilization loss from paddy fields, and improve the N use efficiency of early rice. Moreover, combining these two ureas in proportion to each other can further promote N absorption and improve the N use rate, but their combined use has a weaker effect on ammonia volatilization reduction compared with the use of polyurethane-coated urea alone. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
