| 赵瑞,冯雁辉,姚玲爱,马千里,高加乾,赵学敏.不同施肥类型下碱性塿土和酸性赤红壤清江白菜种植的氨挥发特征及排放系数[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(11):2552-2562. |
| 不同施肥类型下碱性塿土和酸性赤红壤清江白菜种植的氨挥发特征及排放系数 |
| Ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of Qingjiang cabbage in lou and lateritic red soil under different fertilizer types |
| 投稿时间：2022-05-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0459 |
| 中文关键词: 酸碱性土壤 氮肥施用类型 氨挥发 氨排放系数 |
| 英文关键词: acidic and alkaline soil nitrogen application type ammonia emission ammonia emission coefficient |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（PM-zx703-202004-142） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究酸碱性土壤对氨挥发特征及排放系数的影响，为我国农田土壤氨排放清单的准确评估提供科学依据，于2018年2—5月，以塿土（碱性土壤）和赤红壤（酸性土壤）为研究对象，以清江白菜为试材，采用室外模拟场方法，设置土壤pH类型为A组，分别为碱性土壤（A1）和酸性土壤（A2）；同时，设置氮肥类型为B组，分别为不施肥（B0）、尿素（B1）、碳酸氢铵（B2）、尿素与有机肥混施（B3）和复合肥（B4）共5组氮肥施用类型，开展正交试验。试验共设置10个处理，各处理的氮肥施用量均为200 kg·hm-2。清江白菜种植过程中，共施肥3次，其中基肥施肥方式为沟施覆土，第1次追肥为撒施，第2次追肥为撒施后灌水。采用通气法对两种土壤进行室外模拟原位氨挥发测定，研究了不同施肥类型下土壤氨挥发情况和不同土壤pH对土壤氨挥发的影响，并尝试确定氨排放系数。结果表明：清江白菜种植过程中的氨挥发几乎全部来自追肥，追肥期间碱性土壤氨挥发量占全生育期氨挥发总量的97%~98%，酸性土壤追肥期间氨挥发量占全生育期氨挥发总量的99%。对比不同施肥处理的氨挥发量，碱性土壤A1B1、A1B2、A1B3和A1B4处理的氨挥发总量之间差异显著（P<0.05），呈现A1B2>A1B1>A1B3>A1B4的趋势，不同施肥类型氨挥发总量之间比值关系A1B1∶A1B2∶A1B3∶A1B4为3∶5∶2∶1；酸性土壤不同施肥处理的氨挥发总量之间也呈现A2B2>A2B1>A2B3>A2B4的趋势，不同施肥类型氨挥发总量比值关系A2B1∶A2B2∶A2B3∶A2B4为3∶15∶3∶1。碱性土壤各施肥类型氨挥发总量和氨排放系数显著（P<0.05）高于酸性土壤各施肥类型。20~30℃气温条件下，碱性土壤不同施肥类型的氨排放系数为2.73%~3.03%（A1B1）；5.27%~5.31%（A1B2）； 2.27%~2.67%（A1B3）； 1.07%~1.23%（A1B4）。酸性土壤不同施肥类型的氨排放系数为0.40%~0.78%（A2B1）； 2.75%~3.25%（A2B2）； 0.44%~0.52%（A2B3）； 0.18%~0.22%（A2B4）。研究表明，土壤酸碱性是影响农田氨挥发的重要因素之一，碱性土壤的氨挥发量和氨排放系数显著高于酸性土壤；复合肥是能够有效减少土壤氨挥发的施肥类型；覆土深施和撒施后灌水可以有效降低土壤的氨挥发损失率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of Qingjiang cabbage in acidic and alkaline soils were determined to provide a scientific basis for the accurate evaluation of farmland soil ammonia emission inventory in China. This study was conducted from February to May in 2018; Qingjiang cabbage was used as the test material and the method of outdoor simulation field was conducted. Soil pH type was set as group A, and two soil pH types were set： alkaline soil（A1） and acidic soil（A2）. Concurrently, fertilizer type was set as group B, and five nitrogen fertilizer types were set： no fertilizer control（B0）, urea（B1）, ammonium bicarbonate（B2）, urea and organic fertilizer（B3）, and compound fertilizer（B4）. There were 10 treatments in this study, and the nitrogen application rate in each treatment was 200 kg·hm-2. During Qingjiang cabbage planting, fertilizers were applied three times. The alkaline fertilizer was applied by furrow covering; the first topdressing was applied by spreading, while the second topdressing was irrigated after spreading. The ammonia volatilization of the two types of soil was measured by aeration method. The ammonia volatilization of soils under different fertilizer types, ammonia volatilization characteristics in acidic–alkaline soils, and the ammonia emission coefficient were determined. The results showed that topdressing during Qingjiang cabbage planting contributed to the most amount of ammonia volatilization. During topdressing, ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil accounted for 97%-98% of the total ammonia volatilization, while ammonia volatilization in acidic soil accounted for 99% of the total ammonia volatilization during the whole growth period. There was significant difference（P<0.05） among the treatments in alkaline soil; the total ammonia volatilization in the different treatments were ranked as follows： A1B2>A1B1>A1B3>A1B4. The ratio of total ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil were 3∶5∶2∶1, corresponding to A1B1∶A1B2∶A1B3∶A1B4. The total ammonia volatilization in the different treatments in acidic soil were ranked as follows： A2B2>A2B1>A2B3>A2B4. The ratio of total ammonia volatilization in acidic soil was 3∶15∶3∶1, corresponding to A2B1∶A2B2∶A2B3∶A2B4. The total ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil was significantly higher than that in acidic soil（P<0.05）. Under the temperature range of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the ammonia emission coefficients of different fertilizer types in alkaline soil were 2.73%-3.03%（A1B1）, 5.27%-5.31%（A1B2）, 2.27%-2.67%（A1B3）, and 1.07%-1.23% （A1B4）. Meanwhile, the ammonia emission coefficients of different fertilizer types in acidic soil were 0.40%~0.78%（A2B1）, 2.75%-3.25%（A2B2）, 0.44%-0.52%（A2B3）, and 0.18%-0.22%（A2B4）. The results indicated that soil pH was one of the important factors affecting ammonia volatilization in farmlands. The ammonia volatilization and emission coefficient of alkaline soil were significantly higher than those of acidic soil. Application of compound fertilizer with deep soil covering or irrigation of after spraying could significantly decrease ammonia volatilization and emission coefficient. |
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