| 姚臻晖,周慧平,涂理达,庞中正.土壤铅镉的磷酸盐钝化及其在模拟酸雨下的淋溶特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(3):529-538. |
| 土壤铅镉的磷酸盐钝化及其在模拟酸雨下的淋溶特征 |
| Phosphate passivation of lead and cadmium in soil and their leaching characteristics under simulated acid rain |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0421 |
| 中文关键词: 磷酸盐|钝化|酸雨淋溶|铅|镉 |
| 英文关键词: phosphate|passivate|acid rain leaching|lead|cadmium |
| 基金项目:常州大学科研启动基金项目（ZMF19020392）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0801104，2016YFD0801106） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究磷酸盐在不同水分条件下对土壤铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）的钝化效果及其在酸雨淋溶下修复时可能造成的重金属淋失风险，选择安徽铜陵某矿区周边Cd、Pb污染水稻土为研究对象，对比磷酸氢二铵（DAP）和磷酸三钙（TCP）在不同用量及不同土壤含水率下对Cd、Pb的修复效果，并探讨模拟酸雨条件下含磷钝化剂施用后对Cd、Pb修复稳定性的影响。结果表明：施用两种磷肥均能降低土壤中有效态Cd、Pb含量，DAP使土壤有效态Cd含量降低了41.87%~65.62%，有效态Pb含量降低了38.83%~76.98%；TCP处理下有效态Cd、Pb含量分别降低了39.55%~56.17%、37.52%~66.46%。75%最大田间持水量下有效态Cd含量分别下降了21.22%（TCP）、23.45%（DAP），有效态Pb含量分别下降了14.22%（TCP）、9.28%（DAP）。磷肥对Cd、Pb的固定作用随着酸雨淋溶量增加而减弱，两种磷肥处理下，土壤5~55 cm深度范围内Pb的平均含量分别为47.23 mg·kg-1（DAP）和53.21 mg·kg-1（TCP），不同酸雨条件下磷肥处理土壤Pb含量变化率为3.12%~13.53%。研究表明，DAP与TCP在不同施用量下均能够有效钝化土壤中的Cd、Pb，对Pb的钝化效果要优于Cd，且钝化效果与施用量正相关，施用磷肥后15~45 cm土层溶液中Cd、Pb含量出现大幅度下降，45cm以下土层溶液中Cd、Pb含量变化较小，随着酸雨淋溶量的增加，DAP存在重新活化深层土壤溶液中Cd、Pb的风险。两种磷肥在强酸雨条件下均能够有效限制Cd、Pb在不同深度土壤中的迁移，使Cd大部分固定在0~15 cm土层，而Pb在不同深度土壤中分布差异较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the passivation effect of phosphate on soil lead（Pb）and cadmium（Cd）under different water conditions and the risk of heavy metal leaching caused by remediation under acid rain leaching, paddy soil contaminated by Cd and Pb surrounding a mining area in Tongling, Anhui Province was selected as the research object. The remediation effect of diammonium hydrogen phosphate（DAP）and tricalcium phosphate（TCP）on Cd and Pb under different amounts and soil water content was compared, and the effect of phosphorus containing passivator on Cd and Pb after application under simulated acid rain conditions was discussed. The results showed that the application of two kinds of phosphorus fertilizer could reduce available Cd and Pb in soil. DAP reduced the content of available Cd in soil by 41.87%-65.62%, and the content of available Pb by 38.83%-76.98%. Under TCP treatment, the content of available Cd and Pb decreased by 39.55%-56.17% and 37.52%-66.46% respectively. Under 75% maximum field capacity, available Cd content decreased by 21.22%（TCP）and 23.45%（DAP）; while available Pb content decreased by 14.22%（TCP）and 9.28%（DAP）, respectively. The fixation effect of phosphorus fertilizer on Cd and Pb decreased with an increase in the amount of acid rain leached. The average concentrations of Pb in the soil under two phosphorus fertilizer treatments were 47.23 mg·kg-1（DAP）and 53.21 mg·kg-1（TCP）, respectively, at a depth of 5-55 cm. The change rate of Pb content in the soil treated with phosphorus fertilizer under different acid rain conditions was 3.12%-13.53%. The research shows that DAP and TCP can effectively inactivate Cd and Pb in the soil under different application rates, and the passivation effect on Pb is better than that of Cd. Additionally, the passivation effect is positively related to the application rate. After the application of phosphorus fertilizer, the content of Cd and Pb in the 15-45 cm soil layer solution decreases significantly, and the content of Cd and Pb in the soil layer solution below 45 cm changes slightly. With an increasing in acid rain leaching, DAP reactivates Cd and Pb in the deep soil solution. Under strong acid rain conditions, phosphate fertilizers can effectively limit the migration of Cd and Pb in the soil at different depths, such that most of the Cd is fixed in the 0-15 cm soil layer, while the distribution of Pb in the soil at different depths is similar. |
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