炭基有机肥对设施番茄生长及其土壤性质的影响

李夏; 汪玉瑛; 吕豪豪; 何莉莉; 刘玉学; 王圣森; 杨生茂

文章摘要

李夏,汪玉瑛,吕豪豪,何莉莉,刘玉学,王圣森,杨生茂.炭基有机肥对设施番茄生长及其土壤性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(3):568-577.

炭基有机肥对设施番茄生长及其土壤性质的影响

Effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on the growth and soil properties of greenhouse tomatoes

投稿时间：2022-08-01

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0775

中文关键词: 炭基有机肥|土壤|番茄|产量|养分吸收|品质

基金项目:浙江省重点研发计划项目（2020C02030，2022C02022）；浙江省自然科学基金项目（LY21D030002）

作者	单位	E-mail
李夏	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225127 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021
汪玉瑛	浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021
吕豪豪	浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021	lvhao_1026@126.com
何莉莉	浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021
刘玉学	浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021
王圣森	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225127
杨生茂	扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225127 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021 浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 杭州 310021	yangshengmao@263.net

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中文摘要:

本研究通过盆栽试验，旨在研究炭基有机肥对土壤理化性质和番茄生长发育的影响，为番茄设施生产中化肥减量增效提供依据和技术支持。供试番茄品种为浙粉715，有机肥为水稻秸秆与猪粪堆肥而成，以凹凸棒土-稻壳炭复合材料、稻壳炭、污泥炭为来源，加有机肥混合制成炭基有机肥。试验设置5个处理：不施基肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、矿物型炭基有机肥（CT1）、稻壳炭基有机肥（CT2）、污泥炭基有机肥（CT3），研究3种炭基有机肥氮替代60%化肥氮对番茄生长、养分含量、品质和土壤质量的影响。结果表明：炭基有机肥可显著提高土壤理化性质，增加酶活性，促进叶绿素含量的增加，提高番茄产量和品质。与CF处理相比，CT1处理显著提高土壤的pH、全氮和速效钾含量，显著增加土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性，CT2处理显著提高土壤的全氮和有机质含量，增加了土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性。与CF处理相比，CT2处理更有利于叶绿素的积累，且番茄产量增加14.9%，氮吸收量也显著提高，CT2、CT3处理番茄的VC含量显著提高16.5%和19.5%，可溶性糖含量显著增加14.7%和12.1%，硝酸盐含量显著下降36.9%和34.9%，CT1、CT2处理番茄可溶性固形物含量显著提高14.8%和25.9%。研究表明，CT2稻壳炭基有机肥更适宜改良土壤理化性质，增加番茄叶绿素含量，提高氮吸收量，提升番茄产量和品质。

英文摘要:

Using a pot experiment, we studied the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of soil and tomato growth and provided basis and technical support for fertilizer reduction and increased productivity at tomato-growing facilities. The tomato variety tested was Zhefen 715, and the organic fertilizer used was composted rice straw and pig manure. The biochar-based organic fertilizers were made by mixing organic fertilizer with attapulgite rice hull biochar composite, rice hull biochar, and sludge biochar. Five treatments were set up：no base fertilizer（CK）, conventional fertilizer（CF）, mineral biochar-based organic fertilizer（CT1）, rice husk biochar-based organic fertilizer（CT2）, and sludge biochar-based organic fertilizer（CT3）. The effects of substituting 60% chemical fertilizer-derived N with N derived from each of the three biochar-based organic fertilizers were assessed based on soil quality, tomato growth, and nutrient content. The biochar-based organic fertilizer significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of soil, increased enzyme activity, promoted the development of chlorophyll content, and improved tomato yield and quality. Compared with the CF treatment, the CT1 treatment significantly increased soil pH value, total nitrogen, available potassium content, and soil urease and catalase activities, whereas the CT2 treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents and increased soil acid phosphatase and sucrose enzyme activities. Compared with the CF treatment, the CT2 treatment was more conducive to the accumulation of chlorophyll in tomato plants, thereby increasing the tomato yield by 14.9%. The amount of nitrogen absorption was also significantly increased in plants under CT2 treatment. In tomato plants grown under the CT2 and CT3 treatments, the contents of VC, soluble sugar, and nitrate increased by 16.5% and 19.5%, 14.7% and 12.1%, and 36.9% and 34.9% respectively, and the soluble solid content of tomatoes grown under CT1 and CT2 treatments increased by 14.8% and 25.9% compared with that of the tomatoes grown under the CF treatment. These results indicate that CT2 rice husk biochar-based organic fertilizer is optimal for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, developing the chlorophyll content of tomato plants, increasing tomato yield, and improving tomato quality.

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