| 黄雁飞,陈桂芬,黄玉溢,熊柳梅,刘淑仪,钟蕙镁,刘斌.田间条件下不同钝化剂对水稻镉吸收累积的影响及其时效性[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(4):787-798. |
| 田间条件下不同钝化剂对水稻镉吸收累积的影响及其时效性 |
| Effects of different passivating agents on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice and its timeliness under field conditions |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0660 |
| 中文关键词: 钝化剂 Cd 水稻 吸收累积 时效性 |
| 英文关键词: passivating agent cadmium rice uptake and accumulation time-effectiveness |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目（2020GXNSFBA297041）；广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目（桂科AA20108002-3）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目（桂农科2021JM54）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT042） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确田间条件下不同钝化材料及其复配组合处理对水稻Cd吸收累积的影响及其时效性差异，采用大田试验，研究了桑树枝杆生物炭、贝壳粉、膨润土、蚕沙4种钝化材料及其3个复配组合处理对土壤pH、土壤有效态Cd含量和水稻植株各部位Cd含量的影响，并分析了不同钝化剂的作用时效性。结果表明：钝化剂处理提升了土壤pH，其中贝壳粉（O）处理升幅最大；土壤有效态Cd含量显著（P<0.05）降低，4种材料中贝壳粉效果最好，不同钝化剂处理中桑树枝杆生物炭配合贝壳粉和蚕沙组合（MOS）处理降幅最大，3季分别降低了38.25%、34.24%和14.60%；水稻根、秸秆、谷壳、糙米中的Cd含量明显降低，其中，MOS处理糙米Cd含量显著低于其他处理，3季分别降低了49.04%、54.31%和25.22%，但仍未达到国家食品安全Cd含量在0.2 mg·kg-1以下的标准要求；水稻根、秸秆、谷壳、糙米的Cd富集系数明显降低；Cd由根到秸秆的转运系数（TF秸秆/根）和由谷壳到糙米的转运系数（TF糙米/谷壳）明显降低，其中MOS处理降低效果最佳；随着钝化剂施用时间推移到第三季，糙米Cd含量降低幅度明显减少，其中膨润土（B）、蚕沙（S）和MOS处理减幅相对较小；相关分析显示，糙米Cd含量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与土壤有效态Cd含量、TF秸秆/根、TF糙米/谷壳及水稻各部位Cd含量整体呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。研究表明，MOS处理降Cd效果及时效性整体相对较好，在生产实践中可优先推荐，但在土壤全Cd含量为1.5 mg·kg-1重度污染条件下，需配合其他修复技术才能确保糙米Cd含量符合《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762—2017）的要求，同时在第二季后需及时补充钝化剂才能确保其钝化效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study was conducted to study the effects of different passivating agents and their combinations on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice, and their time-effectiveness under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of mulberry stem biochar, oyster shell powder, bentonite and silkworm sand, and their combinations on soil pH, soil available cadmium content, and cadmium contents in different parts of rice plants, as well as their time-effectiveness. The results showed that the passivating agents increased the pH value of soil, with oyster shell powder（O）increasing the pH the most. The soil available cadmium content was significantly decreased（P<0.05）, with the combination of mulberry stem biochar and shell powder and silkworm sand（MOS）decreasing Cd content the most by 38.25%, 34.24%, and 14.60% in three seasons respectively. Cadmium content in the root, straw, chaff, and brown rice decreased significantly. MOS treatment decreased cadmium content in brown rice the most, which decreased by 49.04%, 54.31%, and 25.22% in three seasons respectively, but still did not meet the national standard of 0.2 mg·kg-1 Cd content. The bioconcentration factor of cadmium in root, straw, chaff, and brown rice decreased significantly. The transfer factor of cadmium from the root to straw（TFstraw/root）and the transfer factor of cadmium from chaff to brown rice（TFbrown rice/chaff）decreased significantly; among them, MOS treatment had the best effect. As the application time reached the third season, the decrease efficiency of cadmium content in brown rice of passivating agents decreased significantly; among them, bentonite（B）, silkworm（S）, and MOS treatments were comparatively small. Correlation analysis showed that cadmium content in brown rice was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH（P<0.01）and significantly positively correlated（P<0.01）with soil available cadmium content, TFstraw/root, TFbrown rice/chaff, and cadmium content in rice root, straw, and chaff. A comprehensive evaluation revealed that the decrease efficiency and time-effectiveness of MOS treatment were comparatively better than that of other treatments, thus making it an ideal candidate for use in production practice. However, to ensure the cadmium content in rice meet the requirements of the national food safety standard limits of contaminants in food（GB 2762—2017）, other remediation measures should be applied under the condition of soil cadmium content 1.5 mg·kg-1, and passivating agents should be added at the right time to ensure its passivating effect after the second season. |
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