赤泥和脱水矿泥协同生态处置区盐分和重金属随雨水淋溶的迁移特征

蒋旭升; 成官文; 刘杰; 俞果; 陈诗奇; 韩庆坤; 王路洋

文章摘要

蒋旭升,成官文,刘杰,俞果,陈诗奇,韩庆坤,王路洋.赤泥和脱水矿泥协同生态处置区盐分和重金属随雨水淋溶的迁移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(4):833-841.

赤泥和脱水矿泥协同生态处置区盐分和重金属随雨水淋溶的迁移特征

Migration characteristics of salts and heavy metals with rainwater leaching in the co-ecological disposal area consisting of red and dehydrated mineral mud

投稿时间：2022-09-23

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0945

中文关键词: 赤泥脱水矿泥雨水淋溶离子迁移重金属

英文关键词: red mud dehydrated mineral mud rainwater leaching ion transport heavy metal

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41867022）；广西自然科学基金重点项目（2020GXNSFDA297018）；中国铝业股份有限公司科技计划项目（GXZZ201903）

作者	单位	E-mail
蒋旭升	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
成官文	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
刘杰	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004 自然资源部南方石山地区矿山地质环境修复工程技术创新中心, 南宁 530022	liujie@glut.edu.cn
俞果	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004 自然资源部南方石山地区矿山地质环境修复工程技术创新中心, 南宁 530022
陈诗奇	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
韩庆坤	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
王路洋	桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004

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中文摘要:

为探究在平果铝土矿赤泥和脱水矿泥协同生态处置区盐分和重金属随雨水淋溶的迁移规律，以及对周边土壤的影响，在生态处置区和周边土壤不同深度的土层埋设淋溶盘进行田间小区试验，对每月淋溶液中的重金属和盐分含量进行监测，最后收集不同深度的基质样品，对其重金属和盐离子含量进行测定。结果表明：5—10月，赤矿泥（赤泥和脱水矿泥按照干质量比1∶3进行翻堆混匀而成）基层Na盐的平均淋溶量达到51.2 mg·m^-2·月^-1，其中8月份Na的淋溶量达到108 mg·m^-2·月^-1。生态处置8个月后，赤矿泥pH从9.06降低到8.70，电导率（EC）降低了80.0%，Na盐含量降低了70.4%。赤矿泥基层中的Na盐随着雨水淋溶侧面迁移至周边土壤，导致周边1.5 m范围内的土壤pH和EC值显著增加（P<0.05），但迁移影响范围在3 m内。赤矿泥基层中的Cd、Cr和As随雨水淋溶的流失量在0.22 mg·m^-2·月^-1以下。经过8个月的雨水淋溶，赤矿泥和周边土壤中Cd和As的含量没有显著变化。研究表明，赤矿泥基层用于矿区生态处置有利于改善赤矿泥基层的高盐碱性，而赤矿泥中Na盐的迁移对周边土壤盐碱性的影响有限，同时赤矿泥基层用于矿区生态处置的重金属污染风险可控。

英文摘要:

This study explored the migration characteristics of salt and heavy metals leached by rain in the co-ecological disposal area consisting of red and dehydrated mineral mud in the Pingguo bauxite mining area of southern Guangxi. A field experiment was carried out by burying leaching trays at different depths of soil in the ecological disposal area and surrounding soil to monitor the content of heavy metals and salts in the monthly leaching solution. The matrix samples at different depths were subsequently collected, and the contents of the heavy metals and salt ions were determined. From May to October, the average leaching amount of Na salt in the red mine mud base （made by turning and mixing red mud and dehydrated mineral mud at a dry weight ratio of 1∶3）reached 51.2 mg·m^-2·month^-1, whilst the leaching volume of Na in August reached 108 mg·m^-2·month^-1. After eight months of ecological treatment, the pH of the red mine mud decreased from 9.06 to 8.70, the electrical conductivity（EC）decreased by 80.0%, and the Na salt content had decreased by 70.4%. The Na salt in the red mine mud base migrated to the surrounding soil along with the rain leaching, significantly increasing（P<0.05）the pH and EC values of the surrounding 1.5 m of soil. However, the migration influence range was within 3 m. For ecological disposal, the total loss of Cd, Cr, and As in the red mine mud base layer with rainwater leaching was less than 0.22 mg·m^-2·month^-1, whilst the heavy metal contents of Cd and As in the red mine mud and surrounding soil showed no significant changes. Therefore, the application of a red mine mud base for ecological disposal in the mining area was beneficial for the reduction of the high salinity in the red mine mud base. In contrast, the migration of sodium salt in the red mine mud had a limited impact on the salinity of the surrounding soil. Furthermore, the risk of heavy metal pollution from ecological disposal in mining areas could be controlled.

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