| 马叶,吴楠,王小波,梁嘉琪,徐晓燕.猪粪、鸡粪经黑水虻转化后碳、氮及微生物变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(6):1388-1396. |
| 猪粪、鸡粪经黑水虻转化后碳、氮及微生物变化 |
| Changes in carbon， nitrogen， and microorganisms in pig manure and chicken manure after conversion by black soldier fly larvae |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-16 修订日期：2023-03-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1277 |
| 中文关键词: 黑水虻 猪粪 鸡粪 细菌群落 碳氮代谢 |
| 英文关键词: black soldier fly pig manure chicken manure bacterial community carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0500205）；天津市科技计划项目（22ZYCGSN00690） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究畜禽粪便经黑水虻转化前后碳、氮和微生物群落结构的变化，利用7日龄黑水虻幼虫转化猪粪和鸡粪，进行转化前后碳、氮相关指标测定和Illumina高通量测序。结果表明：黑水虻对猪粪和鸡粪的转化率分别为8.36%和10.42%，猪粪转化后有机碳和C/N分别升高了5.86%和47.64%，鸡粪转化后有机碳和C/N分别下降了11.67%和4.68%，两者的溶解性有机碳、全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量显著降低。黑水虻转化后，猪粪和鸡粪中分别有18.93%和10.49%的碳及31.42%和32.58%的氮被幼虫吸收利用，74.83%和57.43%的碳及43.71%和60.25%的氮保留在虫粪中。相比转化前的畜禽粪便，虫粪的微生物群落结构发生了显著变化，细菌丰富度和多样性均明显增加，其中厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门是猪粪、鸡粪和两组虫粪的优势菌门。黑水虻转化后，粪便中的细菌群落结构向着降解蛋白质和脂肪方向演变，鸡粪源虫粪中分解纤维素的菌群丰度高于新鲜鸡粪，且主要来自于厚壁菌门，猪粪源虫粪中分解纤维素的厚壁菌门丰度下降，但放线菌门中木质素降解菌丰度上升。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示两组虫粪中ABC转运蛋白、氨基酸生物合成和碳代谢功能基因丰度最高，且鸡粪源虫粪中的代谢基因丰度要高于猪粪源虫粪。研究表明，黑水虻幼虫对鸡粪的转化效率高于猪粪，转化后猪粪、鸡粪中碳、氮大部分转入虫粪，部分转入虫体，部分损失，其中鸡粪中的碳损失高于猪粪，而猪粪氮损失高于鸡粪。猪粪转化后有机碳和C/N提高，鸡粪转化后有机碳和C/N降低，而两者的溶解性有机碳、全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量都降低。黑水虻转化显著改变了猪粪和鸡粪的微生物群落结构，增加了有机物降解菌的丰度，增强了粪便中微生物的碳、氮代谢。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the changes in carbon, nitrogen, and microbial community structure in livestock and poultry manure before and after black soldier fly larvae（BSFL）transformation, 7-day-old BSFL were used to transform pig manure and chicken manure. The related indices of carbon and nitrogen and Illumina high-throughput sequencing data were determined before and after transformation. Results showed that the conversion rates of pig manure and chicken manure by the BSFL were 8.36% and 10.42%, respectively. Organic carbon and the carbon-nitrogen ratio（C/N）increased by 5.86% and 47.64%, respectively, after the conversion of pig manure, whereas organic carbon and C/N decreased by 11.67% and 4.68%, after the conversion of chicken manure. Dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen contents were significantly reduced in both types of manure. After transformation, 18.93% and 10.49% of carbon and 31.42% and 32.58% of nitrogen in pig manure and chicken manure, respectively, were absorbed and utilized by the BSFL, while 74.83% and 57.43% of carbon and 43.71% and 60.25% of nitrogen were retained in the BSFL frass. Compared with fresh pig and chicken manure, the microbial community structure of the BSFL frass was changed substantially, with a significant increase in bacterial richness and diversity. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the pig manure, chicken manure, and the BSFL frass. After BSFL transformation, the bacterial community structure in the frass evolved to favor those that were better at protein and fat degradation. The abundance of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the BSFL frass sourced from transformed chicken manure was higher than that in fresh chicken manure, predominantly comprising Firmicutes. The abundance of cellulose-decomposing bacteria belonging to Firmicutes in the BSFL frass sourced from pig manure decreased, whereas the abundance of lignin-degrading bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria increased. PICRUSt prediction analysis showed that the abundance of functional genes for ABC transport, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was highest in the two groups of the BSFL frass, and the abundance of metabolic genes in frass from chicken manure was higher than that from pig manure. These results suggested that the transformation efficiency of chicken manure by the BSFL was higher than that of pig manure. After transformation, most of the carbon and nitrogen in the pig manure and chicken manure were transferred to the BSFL frass, some transferred to insect bodies, and some was lost. Carbon loss was greater in chicken manure than in pig manure, whereas nitrogen loss was greater in pig manure than in chicken manure. Organic carbon and C / N ratios increased after the transformation of pig manure, whereas they decreased after the transformation of chicken manure. Dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen content decreased in both types of manure. BSFL transformation significantly changed the microbial community structures of pig and chicken manures, increased the abundance of organic-degrading bacteria, and enhanced the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of microorganisms in the manure. |
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