| 曹迟,鲍广灵,陶荣浩,王垚,马中文,吴承龙,廖霞,马友华.不同调理剂对富硒高镉农田水稻降镉增硒效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(10):2155-2164. |
| 不同调理剂对富硒高镉农田水稻降镉增硒效果研究 |
| Effects of different conditioners on reducing cadmium and increasing selenium in rice in selenium-rich and high-cadmium farmland rice |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1298 |
| 中文关键词: 富硒土 镉 水稻 吸收与转运 富集系数 土壤调理剂 |
| 英文关键词: selenium-enriched soil cadmium rice absorption and transport enrichment coefficient soil conditioner |
| 基金项目:安徽省科技重大攻关项目（17030701053） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 曹迟 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 鲍广灵 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 陶荣浩 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 王垚 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 马中文 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 吴承龙 | 石台县农业技术推广中心富硒农业试验站, 安徽 石台 245100 | | | 廖霞 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 马友华 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | yhma@ahau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同修复措施对硒镉高背景区水稻的降镉增硒效果，在田间试验条件下，设置不同土壤调理剂处理进行效果对比，分析其对水稻产量、不同部位镉硒吸收转运、土壤pH、有效态镉含量及镉的化学形态等的影响。结果表明：除单施钙镁磷肥外，其余处理产量均较对照显著增加，增产范围在11.95%~25.98%。不同调理剂均较对照降低籽粒中镉含量以及提升硒含量，各处理下籽粒硒含量均达到《富硒稻谷》标准，除石灰处理外其余各调理剂处理籽粒镉含量均在食品安全国家标准（0.2 mg·kg-1）以下，其中生物有机肥对水稻籽粒降镉增硒效果最好。相较对照，施用不同调理剂土壤pH值增加0.10~0.61个单位，从而降低了土壤有效态镉的含量，使土壤镉向残渣态转化。其中森美思处理下土壤镉的弱酸提取态降幅最大，达到17.59%；生物有机肥处理下土壤镉的可还原态降幅最大，为40.13%。钙镁磷肥＋硫酸钾、森美思和生物有机肥处理下投入产出比显著高于其余处理，分别为3.39、3.31和3.18。综合来看，在硒镉高背景土壤中安全生产富硒水稻时，施用生物有机肥可以有效降低土壤镉有效性，抑制水稻中镉的迁移转运并促进籽粒对硒的富集，且具有较高的经济效益和可操作性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of different remedial measures on reducing cadmium and increasing selenium in rice in a high selenium and cadmium background area. Under field experimental conditions, the effects of different soil conditioners on rice yield, cadmium and selenium uptake and transportation in different parts of rice, soil pH, available cadmium content, and chemical forms of cadmium were analyzed. The yield of all treatments except single application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer increased significantly compared with the control(11.95%-25.98%). The cadmium content of rice grain was decreased and the selenium content was increased by different conditioners compared with the control. The selenium content in rice grain reached the standard of "selenium-enriched rice" under all treatments. The cadmium content in rice grain treated with other conditioners except lime was below the National Food Safety Standard(0.2 mg·kg-1). The bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the best effect on reducing cadmium and increasing selenium in rice. Compared with the control, the pH value of the soil with different conditioners increased by 0.10-0.61 units, the content of available cadmium in the soil decreased, and soil cadmium was transformed into residual cadmium. The weak acid extractable fraction of cadmium in the soil treated with Senmeisi material decreased by 17.59%. The maximum reduction of soil cadmium reducible form was 40.13% under bio-organic fertilizer treatment. The input-output ratios under the treatments of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + potassium sulfate, Senmeisi, and bio-organic fertilizer were significantly higher than the other treatments, being 3.39, 3.31, and 3.18 respectively. In conclusion, when selenium-rich rice is produced in soil with high background of selenium and cadmium, the application of bio-organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the availability of soil cadmium, inhibit the migration and transportation of cadmium in rice, and promote the enrichment of selenium in grains, and have high achievable economic benefits. |
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