| 徐静怡,张中彬,王玥凯,赵馨雅,孙海军,郭自春,彭新华.不同覆盖作物对砂姜黑土剖面硝态氮动态的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(10):2281-2290. |
| 不同覆盖作物对砂姜黑土剖面硝态氮动态的影响 |
| Effects of different cover crops on nitrate dynamics in Shajiang black soil profile |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0026 |
| 中文关键词: 砂姜黑土 覆盖作物 土壤硝态氮 生物量 植株氮素累积 |
| 英文关键词: Shajiang black soil cover crops soil nitrate nitrogen biomass plant N accumulation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41771264，31972518）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2021311） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐静怡 | 南京林业大学林学院/南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037
中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 张中彬 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 王玥凯 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 赵馨雅 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228 | | | 孙海军 | 南京林业大学林学院/南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037 | hjsun@njfu.edu.cn | | 郭自春 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 彭新华 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同覆盖作物整个生育期内[覆盖作物播种后（2021年11月5日）、营养生长期（2022年3月12日）和生殖生长期（2022年5月5日）]砂姜黑土剖面中硝态氮的动态变化，本研究在安徽省龙亢农场典型砂姜黑土区设置压实（Compacted，C）与不压实（Non-compacted，NC）处理，并裂区设置冬季休闲（Con）、苜蓿（Alf）、油菜（Rap）、萝卜+毛苕子混播（Rhv） 4个处理，动态监测0~120 cm土层中土壤硝态氮含量、储量和植株地上地下生物量及其氮素积累量。结果表明：整个覆盖作物生长季，Alf、Rap、Rhv处理土壤硝态氮含量持续下降，各处理0~120 cm土层平均分别下降43.3%、53.9%、57.5%。营养生长期与生殖生长期3个覆盖作物处理（除生殖生长期不压实条件下Rhv处理）硝态氮储量均较Con处理降低（P<0.05），且营养生长期的平均降幅（压实52.7%，不压实60.7%）高于生殖生长期（压实40.2%，不压实35.6%）。营养生长期，不压实条件下Alf处理土壤硝态氮储量是Rap和Rhv处理的1.41倍（P<0.05）。生殖生长期，压实与不压实条件下3个覆盖作物处理土壤硝态氮储量间无显著差异。营养生长期，Alf处理地上部生物量和氮素累积量低于Rap处理（P<0.05），地下部生物量和氮素累积量低于Rhv处理（P<0.05）；但生殖生长期，Alf处理地上和地下部氮素累积量均显著高于Rap和Rhv处理（P<0.05）。相关分析表明，土壤中硝态氮储量与覆盖作物生物量以及氮素累积量呈负相关（P<0.05），表明覆盖作物对氮的吸收利用是土壤硝态氮下降的主要原因。综上，与Con处理相比，Alf、Rap和Rhv处理均可以有效降低土壤剖面中残余硝态氮，但Alf处理在前期生长缓慢，降低土壤剖面硝态氮的能力低于Rap与Rhv处理。因此，在砂姜黑土区种植油菜或萝卜+毛苕子更有利于降低覆盖作物生长期的硝态氮淋溶风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cover crops on reducing nitrate(NO3--N)accumulation along the soil profile of Shajiang black soil throughout the growth period(2021.11 after sowing; 2022.03 during the nutritional growth period; and 2022.05 during the reproductive growth period). Four treatments, including winter fallow(Con), alfalfa(Alf), oilseed rape(Rap), and mixed radish and hairy vetch(Rhv), were conducted under both compacted(C)and non-compacted(NC)conditions at Longkang farm, Anhui Province. The dynamics of the soil NO3--N content and NO3--N storage were measured along the 0-120 cm soil profile by interval sampling. The aboveground and belowground crop biomasses and their nitrogen accumulation were also determined. Our results showed that the NO3--N content along the 0-120 cm soil profile continuously decreased by 43.3%, 53.9%, and 57.5% under the Alf, Rap, and Rhv treatments, respectively, throughout the growing season. During the nutritional and reproductive growth periods, the soil NO3--N storage was significantly reduced in all three cover crop treatments compared with that in the Con treatment under both compacted and non-compacted conditions(except the Rhv treatment in the non-compacted soil during the reproductive growth period, P<0.05), with a higher average reduction during the nutritional growth period(compacted:52.7% and non-compacted:60.7%)than that during the reproductive growth period(compacted:40.2% and non-compacted:35.6%). During the nutritional growth period, the soil NO3--N storage in the Alf treatment was 1.4 times higher than those in the Rap and Rhv treatments under the non-compacted condition(P<0.05). Meanwhile, during the reproductive growth period, soil NO3--N storage showed no significant difference among the three cover crop treatments under both compacted and non-compacted conditions. The aboveground biomass and N accumulation in the Alf treatment were significantly lower than those in the Rap treatment during the nutritional growth period(P<0.05), and the belowground biomass and N accumulation were significantly lower than those in the Rhv treatment(P<0.05). However, both the aboveground and belowground N accumulation in the Alf treatment were significantly higher than those in the Rap and Rhv treatments during the reproductive growth period(P<0.05). The significantly negative correlations between the soil NO3--N storage and N accumulation of cover crops indicated that nitrogen uptake by cover crops might be the main reason for the decrease in soil nitrate(P<0.05). In conclusion, the cover crops, including Alf, Rap, and Rhv, could effectively reduce NO3--N accumulation in the soil profile as compared with the Con treatment. Owing to the slow growth of Alf in the early stage, its ability to reduce soil NO3--N was lower than those of Rap and Rhv. Therefore, planting Rap and Rhv is more conducive to reducing the risk of soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in Shajiang black soil throughout the growth periods of cover crops. |
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