| 肖倩,武升,刘莹,曹迟,廖霞,马友华.不同有机养分替代化肥对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(10):2291-2300. |
| 不同有机养分替代化肥对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响 |
| Effects of different combinations of organic nutrients and chemical fertilizers on wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil fertility |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1271 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥 减量化肥 小麦产量 氮肥利用率 土壤肥力 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer reduced chemical fertilizer wheat yield nitrogen use efficiency soil fertility |
| 基金项目:农业农村部全国绿色种养循环农业试点项目（202110）；安徽农业大学自然科学青年基金项目（K2152002）） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 肖倩 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 武升 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 刘莹 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 曹迟 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 廖霞 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | xliao@ahau.edu.cn | | 马友华 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究有机肥种类和替代比例对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响，通过田间小区试验，设置不施肥（CK），常规施肥（CN），优化减量施肥（ON），优化减量配施15%（ONL-15%）、30%（ONL-30%）和50%（ONL-50%）沼液氮，优化减量配施30%堆肥氮（ONC-30%），优化减量配施30%商品有机肥氮（ONS-30%）共8个处理。结果表明：与CN处理相比，ON、ONL-15%和ONL-30%处理均显著增加小麦籽粒产量和氮肥利用率，其中ONL-15%处理小麦产量最高，较CN和ON处理分别增产16.18%和14.08%，该处理下氮肥利用率也由CN处理的18.41%增至36.46%，表明优化减量配施15%沼液氮肥为减氮配施沼液最佳比例。在30%替代比例下，不同种类有机肥配施对小麦增产效果存在差异，与ON处理相比，沼液配施增加小麦产量和氮肥利用率，而堆肥和商品有机肥配施显著降低小麦产量。堆肥配施可以促进土壤全氮、水解性氮和有效磷的积累，商品有机肥配施对缓解土壤酸化、增加土壤有机质含量具有较好效果。有机无机配施处理减少32.60%~65.91%硝态氮在耕层土壤的残留，增加土壤有效氮含量。研究表明：堆肥和商品有机肥与化肥配施能培肥土壤；沼液与化肥配施通过促进土壤有效氮供应，提高氮肥利用率，从而增加小麦产量，在施氮量为165 kg·hm-2时，以沼液替代15%化肥氮比例效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of organic fertilizer types and substitution proportions on wheat yield, N use efficiency, and soil fertility were investigated. A field experiment was designed with the following treatments:no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(CN), optimized reduced fertilizer(ON), partial replacement of optimized chemical fertilizer by 15%(ONL-15%), 30%(ONL-30%)and 50%(ONL-50%) biogas slurry nitrogen, partial replacement of optimized chemical fertilizer by 30% compost nitrogen(ONC-30%)and 30% commercial organic fertilizer nitrogen(ONS-30%). The results showed that, compared with CN treatment, ON, ONL-15%, and ONL-30% treatments significantly increased wheat grain yield and fertilizer N use efficiency(NUE). Among them, the wheat yield of plots treated with ONL-15% was the highest, showing an increase of 16.18% compared to CN treated plots and 14.08% compared to the ON plots. The fertilizer NUE of the ONL-15% treatment also increased from 18.41% under the CN treatment to 36.46%, indicating that the 15% biogas slurry replacement proportion was the optimal proportion for fertilizer reduction. Under 30% substitution proportion, the effect of organic fertilizer on wheat yield varied with their types. Compared with ON treatment, biogas slurry combined application increased wheat yield and NUE, and compost and commercial organic fertilizer significantly reduced wheat yield. Compost combined application was found to promote the accumulation of soil total N, hydrolysable N, and available P, and commercial organic fertilizer effectively alleviated soil acidification and increased soil organic matter content. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer reduced by 32.60% to 65.91% the nitrate nitrogen residue in topsoil and increased soil available nitrogen content. In conclusion, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilization significantly improved soil fertility; at an application rate of N 165 kg·hm-2, biogas slurry with chemical fertilizer was shown to maintain high yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of the wheat crop. The optimal substitution proportion of biogas slurry to reduced fertilizer was 15%. |
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