| 李丹丹,何昊,潘非凡,杨书运.优化减氮与施用生物炭对双季稻土壤温室气体排放及产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(11):2625-2634. |
| 优化减氮与施用生物炭对双季稻土壤温室气体排放及产量的影响 |
| Effects of biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in a double-season rice cropping system under various optimized nitrogen reduction conditions |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0050 |
| 中文关键词: 温室气体排放 生物炭 水稻 优化减氮 产量 |
| 英文关键词: greenhouse gas emission biochar rice optimal nitrogen reduction yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301301) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 572 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究在不同优化减氮条件下施用生物炭对双季稻土壤温室气体排放和水稻产量的影响,采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测水稻生长期间土壤CH4和N2O排放通量,测定土壤理化指标及水稻产量。试验设置5个处理:常规施氮(CF)、优化减氮15%(OF15%)、优化减氮15%+生物炭(OF15%+B)、优化减氮30%(OF30%)、优化减氮30%+生物炭(OF30%+B)。结果表明:与CF相比,各处理均降低了双季稻土壤CH4和N2O的累积排放量,降幅分别为9.59%~39.60%和20.12%~41.61%;其中OF30%+B与OF15%+B处理CH4的减排效果最佳,分别达39.60%与31.53%;OF30%+B处理N2O的减排效果最佳,达到41.61%,其次为OF30%和OF15%+B处理,分别达34.56%与28.14%。各处理均降低双季稻系统土壤温室气体产生的全球增温潜势,降幅为9.54%~39.27%;OF15%+B产量最高,与CF相比增加了2.83%,而OF30%与OF30%+B存在一定的减产风险,分别减产了5.85%与4.20%;相对于CF,各处理的温室气体排放强度(GHGI)均有所降低,其中OF30%+B降低了整个双季稻系统GHGI的36.74%,效果最佳,其次为OF15%+B处理,降幅为33.09%,两者具有降低GHGI的巨大潜力;施用生物炭可增加土壤pH、有机质以及NO-3-N和NH+4-N含量,改善土壤肥力,这可能是生物炭调节温室气体排放的重要原因。研究表明,在各处理中OF15%+B处理水稻产量最高,温室气体减排潜力较大,有利于农业可持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions and rice yield in a double-season rice cropping system under different optimized nitrogen reduction conditions. Five treatments were set up:conventional nitrogen fertilizer application(CF), optimized reduced nitrogen fertilizer 15%(OF15%), optimized reduced nitrogen fertilizer 15% + biochar(OF15%+B), optimized reduced nitrogen fertilizer 30%(OF30%), and optimized reduced nitrogen fertilizer 30% + biochar(OF30%+B). Static chamber gas chromatography was used to monitor CH4 and N2O emission fluxes during rice growth, and determine the soil physicochemical indicators and rice yield. The results showed that compared with CF, all treatments reduced the cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions from double-season rice soils by 9.59%-39.60% and 20.12%-41.61%, respectively. Among them, the best reduction in CH4 was achieved by OF30% +B and OF15% +B treatments, reaching 39.60% and 31.53%, respectively. The best effect of N2O reduction in the OF30% +B treatment reached 41.61%, followed by the OF30% and OF15% + B treatments, reaching 34.56% and 28.14%, respectively. All the treatments reduced the global warming potential produced by soil greenhouse gases in the double-season rice system by 9.54%-39.27%. The OF15%+B achieved the highest yield, increasing by 2.83% compared with CF, whereas OF30% and OF30%+B had some risk of yield reduction, decreasing by 5.85% and 4.20%, respectively. The greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) was reduced in all treatments relative to CF, with OF30%+B effectively reducing the GHGI of the entire double-season rice system by 36.74%, followed by OF15%+B treatment with a reduction of 33.09%, both of which have a great potential to reduce GHGI. The application of biochar increased soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil nitrate, and ammonium nitrogen content, and improved soil fertility, which may be crucial for biochar to regulate soil greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the OF15% + B rice yield is the highest among the treatments and has the greatest greenhouse gas reduction potential for sustainable agricultural development. |
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