| 魏振康,王雪,伍玉鹏,胡荣桂,姜炎彬.橘园绿肥种植对土壤氨氧化微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):122-132. |
| 橘园绿肥种植对土壤氨氧化微生物的影响 |
| Effects of green manure planting on soil ammonium oxidizing microorganisms in citrus orchards |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0446 |
| 中文关键词: 氨氧化微生物 绿肥 功能基因 群落组成 丰度 |
| 英文关键词: ammonium oxidizing microorganism green manure functional gene community composition abundance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U2240222） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以当阳凤凰山长期定位施肥柑橘试验基地为平台，进行了自然生草（NG）、人工种植光叶苕子（LP）以及光叶苕子混播于自然生草（NL）等三种绿肥处理，通过植物群落调查、土壤理化性质测定，以及 qPCR和 Illumina Miseq高通量测序的方法，阐明橘园土壤氨氧化微生物AOA和AOB的功能基因丰度和群落结构对不同绿肥种植处理的响应特征，并探讨植物群落和土壤理化因子对它们的影响。研究结果表明：相比于NG，人工种植绿肥（LP和NL）对AOA和AOB数量的影响不一，LP降低了AOA和AOB的 amoA 基因拷贝数，NL 降低了 AOA-amoA 但增加了 AOB-amoA 基因拷贝数；LP 和 NL 中 AOA 的 Ace 指数和 Chao指数显著高于NG，LP中AOB的Shannon指数显著高于NG，三个处理的β多样性差异显著；三种绿肥种植处理下AOA共获得119个OTU，优势门和属分别是泉古菌门和 norank—Crenarchaeota，其中 norank—Crenarchaeota 在 NG 中的相对丰度显著高于 LP 和 NL；AOB 共获得142 个 OTU，优势门和属分别是变形菌门和亚硝化螺菌属，其中亚硝化螺菌属的相对丰度在不同处理中有显著差异，其 LP 中最高，为45.87%；Mantel检验和冗余-层次分割分析结果表明，氨氧化微生物的丰度、多样性和组成受到绿肥种植后的植物因子（如群落高度、盖度、多样性、地上生物量和地下生物量、根系碳氮含量等）和土壤因子（如pH、土壤含水量、总碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和速效磷含量等）的共同影响。该研究说明在橘园种植绿肥可改变地上植物群落特征和土壤理化性质，从而使土壤中氨氧化微生物的数量和群落结构发生变化，其中光叶苕子混播于自然生草的生草模式可明显增加土壤氨氧化微生物量，促进土壤的硝化作用和改善果园生态环境，因此，实际应用中可优先考虑此模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Planting experiments with three types of green manure, which were natural grasses（NG）, Vicia villosa var. glabrescens, a legume single planted（LP）, and V. villosa var. glabrescens mixed planted in the NG（NL）, were conducted in a long-term positioning fertilization experimental base in Fenghuangshan, Dangyang. Plant communities and soil physical and chemical properties were surveyed and measured, and the functional gene abundance and community structure of ammonium oxidizing microorganisms for soil samples were analyzed using qPCR amplification and Illumina MiSeq High-Throughput Sequencing. Next, the relationships between ammonium oxidizing microorganisms and plant community factors and soil properties were clarified by a Mantel test and redundant analysis with hierarchical partitioning（RDA-HP）. The results showed that：Compared with the NG, the LP and NL had different effects on the abundances of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA：the LP reduced the amounts of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA, while the NL decreased AOAamoA but increased AOB-amoA. The Ace indice and Chao indice of AOA in LP and NL were significantly higher than those in NG. Simultaneously, the Shannon index of AOB in LP was significantly higher than that in NG, and the β diversity among the three treatments differed significantly. In the three treatments, 119 OTUs of AOA were obtained, with the dominant phylum and genus being Crenarchaeota and norank—Crenarchaeota, respectively; meanwhile, 142 OTUs were obtained for AOB, with the dominant phylum and genus being Proteobacteria and Nitrosospira, respectively. The relative abundance of Nitrosospira was significantly higher in LP（45.87%）.According to the Mantel test and RDA-HP, the abundance, composition, and diversity of ammonium oxidizing microorganisms were closely related to plant factors（plant height, cover, and diversity, shoot and root biomasses, and carbon and nitrogen contents in roots）and soil properties （pH, soil water content, total carbon and nitrogen contents, and ammonium, nitrate, and available phosphorus contents）. The study indicates that green manure planting in citrus orchards alters the plant community and soil physicochemical properties and modifies the abundance and community structure of soil ammonium oxidizing microorganisms. Within the three ground cover treatments, NL has a markedly higher abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, thus promoting soil nitrification and improving the ecological environment of the orchard. Therefore, intercropping legumes with NG in orchards is recommended for practical applications. |
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