| 王吕,吴玉红,秦宇航,郝兴顺,李硕,淡亚彬,崔月贞.紫云英稻秆联合还田与氮肥减量对水稻产量及氨挥发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(2):462-472. |
| 紫云英稻秆联合还田与氮肥减量对水稻产量及氨挥发的影响 |
| Effects of rice stalk mulching combined with green manure retention and nitrogen reduction on rice yield and ammonia emission |
| 投稿时间：2023-02-21 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0115 |
| 中文关键词: 紫云英-水稻轮作 秸秆还田 氮肥减量 水稻产量 氨挥发 |
| 英文关键词: Chinese milk vetch - rice rotation straw return nitrogen reduction rice grain yield ammonia volatilization |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2022ZDLNY02-06） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 329 |
| 全文下载次数: 276 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究紫云英-水稻轮作体系中紫云英稻秆联合还田与氮肥减量配施对水稻产量和氨挥发的影响，连续两个轮作季（2019—2021年）在陕西汉中开展田间试验，试验设置4个处理：冬闲稻秆不还田+常规施氮处理，即对照处理（CK）；冬作紫云英稻秆还田+常规施氮处理（GRN100）；冬作紫云英稻秆还田+氮肥减量20%处理（GRN80）；冬作紫云英稻秆还田+氮肥减量30%处理（GRN70）。采用通气式氨挥发收集装置监测水稻生育期间氨挥发特征。结果表明：与CK相比，紫云英稻秆联合还田各处理可提高“黄华占”籽粒产量，产量由高到低的顺序为GRN80、GRN70、GRN100，其中GRN80和GRN70处理相较于CK处理的年均增幅分别为7.66%和6.37%。冠层氨挥发主要发生在水稻施肥30 d以后，其中水稻抽穗期至成熟期挥发速率较大。土壤氨挥发主要发生在水稻施肥后16 d内，在施肥后第2天达到峰值，2020年和2021年分别为0.53 kg·hm-2·d-1和0.58 kg·hm-2·d-1。与CK相比，GRN80处理显著降低水稻全生育期冠层氨挥发累积量和单位产量氨挥发强度，二者分别下降58.73%和57.14%。紫云英稻秆联合还田较CK处理可显著降低水稻全生育期土壤氨挥发累积量和单位产量氨挥发强度，其值由高到低依次顺序为GRN100、GRN70、GRN80。就水稻全生育期氨挥发累积量和单位产量氨挥发强度而言，紫云英稻秆联合还田较CK处理可显著降低2.88%~8.32%和5.26%~13.88%，其中GRN80处理降幅最大。相关分析表明，田面水铵态氮浓度与各处理土壤氨挥发速率呈显著正相关，与GRN80和GRN70处理冠层氨挥发速率呈显著负相关。研究表明，紫云英和稻秆联合还田与氮肥减量20%或30%配施，可显著提高水稻产量，减少稻田氨挥发损失，是适宜汉中地区兼顾水稻高产和环境友好的栽培措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province for two consecutive rotation seasons（2019—2021）to study the integrated effect of milk vetch（Astragalus sinicus L.）and rice（Oryza sativa L.）straw return with nitrogen reduction on rice yield and ammonia volatilization in milk vetch-rice rotation system. The four treatments were： no returning of rice straw in winter accompanied by conventional N application, namely, control（CK）; co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter accompanied by conventional N application（GRN100）; reducing 20% of N application rate based on the GRN100（GRN80）; and reducing 30% of N application rate based on the GRN100（GRN70）. A ventilation NH3 volatilization collection device monitored the characteristics of ammonia（NH3） volatilization during the rice growth periods. The results showed that： compared with the CK, the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter increased the grain yield of Huanghuazhan in the order of GRN80 > GRN70 > GRN100. In particular, the average annual increase of GRN80 and GRN70 was 7.66% and 6.37%, respectively, relative to the CK. The NH3 volatilization in the canopy mainly occurred after 30 days of fertilization, with a higher rate in the periods from the heading to maturity stage. The soil NH3 volatilization occurred mainly within 16 days after fertilization and peaked on the second day after fertilization, which was 0.53 kg·hm-2·d-1 and 0.58 kg·hm-2·d-1 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Compared with the CK, the GRN80 significantly reduced both the accumulation value and intensity of canopy NH3 volatilization by 58.73% and 57.14%, respectively, during the entire rice growth period. The accumulation value and intensity of soil NH3 volatilization were also significantly reduced under the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter during the whole rice growth periods relative to the CK, with the order of GRN100 > GRN70 > GRN80. In terms of the accumulation value and intensity of NH3 volatilization during the entire rice growth period, compared with the CK, the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter significantly reduced them by 2.88%–8.32% and 5.26%–13.88%, respectively, with the highest reduction rate under the GRN80. Correlation analysis showed that the NH4+-N concentration in surface water was significantly positively correlated with soil NH3 volatilization rate under every treatment, while it was significantly negatively correlated with the canopy NH3 volatilization rate under GRN80 and GRN70. The research shows that the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter accompanied by reducing 20% or 30% N application rate based on the conventional N application rate, can significantly increase rice yield and reduce NH3 volatilization. It thus may be a suitable rice cultivation strategy for high grain yields and environmental friendliness. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
