| 颜为,孙金鞭,吕洪国,黄萌,王志伟,齐世军,崔振岭,薛艳芳,刘开昌.不同锌源叶面喷施对冬小麦和夏玉米产量及籽粒营养品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(3):504-515. |
| 不同锌源叶面喷施对冬小麦和夏玉米产量及籽粒营养品质的影响 |
| Effects of foliar applications of fertilizers containing different zinc sources on grain yield and grain nutritional quality of winter wheat and summer maize |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0507 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 不同锌源 锌铁生物有效性 叶面喷施 微量元素含量 |
| 英文关键词: winter wheat-summer maize cropping system different zinc sources bioavailability of zinc and iron foliar application micronutrient concentration |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFD1901003）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2021QC115）；国家卫健委微量元素与营养重点实验室开放课题（wlkfz202318）；山东省科技特派员项目（2022DXAL0125）；山东省农业科学院创新人才引进及山东省农科院创新工程项目（CXGC2023G23，CXGC2023A22） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 颜为 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 孙金鞭 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100
聊城大学农学院, 山东 聊城 252000 | | | 吕洪国 | 招远市农业农村局, 山东 招远 265400 | | | 黄萌 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 王志伟 | 招远市农业农村局, 山东 招远 265400 | | | 齐世军 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100 | | | 崔振岭 | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193 | | | 薛艳芳 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100
聊城大学农学院, 山东 聊城 252000 | xyfang198692@163.com | | 刘开昌 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业部黄淮海北部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250100 | liukc1971@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明不同锌源叶面肥喷施对小麦和玉米产量、籽粒矿质元素含量及锌、铁生物有效性的影响，对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系开展不同叶面肥喷施试验。小麦季设置去离子水（CK1）、尿素（CK2）、尿素+纳米氧化锌（U+ZnO）、尿素+壳聚糖纳米锌（U+ZnCNP）、尿素+普通七水硫酸锌（U+Zn）5种叶面肥处理；玉米季增加尿素与锌铁硒多元混合喷施处理（U+Zn/Fe/Se）。结果表明：各叶面肥喷施处理对小麦和玉米籽粒产量均无显著影响，但对籽粒微量元素含量有显著影响。不同锌源与尿素混合叶面肥对小麦籽粒锌含量强化效果由弱到强依次为U+ZnCNP-1增加至40.52 mg·kg-1）、籽粒植酸与锌（PA/Zn）摩尔比显著下降42.1%，使籽粒锌生物有效性（TAZ）显著提高74.5%。对于玉米，与CK2处理相比，处理U+Zn/Fe/Se使籽粒锌含量提高32.3%（从14.93 mg·kg-1增加至19.60 mg·kg-1）、硒含量显著提高12.7倍（从17.66 μg·kg-1增加至242.04 μg·kg-1）、籽粒PA/Zn摩尔比显著下降27.0%，使籽粒TAZ显著提高36.9%，使整个植株或玉米秸秆磷与锌（P/Zn）和磷与铁（P/Fe）摩尔比降低。研究表明，叶面喷施普通七水硫酸锌是提高小麦、玉米籽粒锌含量和生物有效性的最佳形式，其强化小麦籽粒锌效果优于玉米。叶面喷施尿素与锌铁硒混合溶液可同时提高玉米籽粒锌、硒含量及锌、铁生物有效性（籽粒、全株、秸秆），是解决人体或动物微量元素营养缺乏的有效农艺强化措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The foliar spraying experiments with different fertilizers were carried out in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system. This study explored the effects of foliar applications of fertilizers containing different zinc(Zn) sources on grain yield, grain mineral element concentrations, and bioavailability of Zn and iron(Fe) of winter wheat and summer maize. In wheat season, five foliar fertilizer treatments consisted of control(deionized water, CK1), urea solution alone(CK2), urea plus nano-Zn oxide(U+ZnO), urea plus chitosan nano-Zn(U+ZnCNP), urea plus conventional ZnSO4·7H2O(U+Zn). In maize season, a cocktail solution(including Zn in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O, Fe, Se, and urea simultaneously) was also included, recorded as U+Zn/Fe/Se. Results showed that foliar fertilizer spraying treatments had no significant effects on grain yield but had significant effects on grain micronutrient concentrations of wheat and maize. The biofortified effects of different Zn sources plus urea on wheat grain Zn concentration were increased in U+ZnCNP-1 to 40.52 mg·kg-1), while the molar ratios of phytate acid to Zn(PA/Zn) significantly decreased by 42.1%, and consequently the wheat grain Zn bioavailability(TAZ) significantly improved by 74.5% with treatment U+Zn. For maize, compared with the CK2, the grain concentrations of Zn and Se were improved by 32.3%(increased from 14.93 mg·kg-1 to 19.60 mg·kg-1) and 12.7-folds(substantially increased from 17.66 μg·kg-1 to 242.04 μg·kg-1), respectively, while the molar ratios of PA/Zn significantly decreased by 27.0%, and consequently the grain TAZ significantly improved by 36.9% with treatment U+Zn/Fe/Se. Furthermore, the molar ratios of P/Zn and P/Fe in maize shoot or straw were significantly decreased by treatment U+Zn/Fe/Se. These results suggest that foliar application of conventional ZnSO4·7H2O represented the most efficient form to improve the grain Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability of both wheat and maize, with the Zn-biofortified effects being better for wheat than maize. Foliar application of a cocktail solution(treatment of U+Zn/Fe/Se) represented an effective fertilization strategy to solve the deficiencies of trace elements in the human body or animals by improving grain concentrations of Zn and especially Se as well as bioavailability of Zn and Fe in maize grain, shoot and straw. |
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