文章摘要
于云飞,汪玉,李爽,陈光蕾,赵洪猛,赵旭,王慎强.稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥配施下磷平衡研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(7):1554-1562.
稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥配施下磷平衡研究
Phosphorus surplus under organic fertilizer substitution in a rice-wheat rotation system
投稿时间:2022-11-19  
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2022-1184
中文关键词: 有机无机肥配施  稻麦轮作  作物产量  磷损失  磷平衡
英文关键词: organic fertilizer substitution  rice-wheat rotation  crop yield  phosphorus loss  phosphorus balance
基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(NMKJXM202009);国家自然科学基金项目(42277026);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0502-05)
作者单位E-mail
于云飞 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
汪玉 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
wangyu@issas.ac.cn 
李爽 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
陈光蕾 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
赵洪猛 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008  
赵旭 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
王慎强 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
sqwang@issas.ac.cn 
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中文摘要:
      为探究太湖流域稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥不同配施方式下的磷平衡,通过控氮控磷(4 a)和控氮不控磷(24 a)两种配施方式的田间定位试验,分析稻麦产量及磷吸收量、土壤磷含量、径流磷损失以及磷平衡。控氮控磷试验设有 6 个处理:不施磷肥(CK),单施化肥(CF),有机无机肥配施中包括商品肥 OM、猪粪 PM、鸡粪 CM 及牛粪 DM(均为有机肥等氮磷钾替代 30% 化学磷肥);控氮不控磷试验设有3个处理:不施磷肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、猪粪有机无机肥配施(PM),配施方式为有机肥仅等氮替代稻季40%和麦季50%化学氮肥。结果表明:相较CF处理,控氮控磷配施方式各处理稻麦周年磷素略有盈余,径流磷损失量无显著性差异,CF、OM、PM、CM、DM磷平衡(以P计)分别为-0.76、2.29、4.58、4.40、8.54 kg·hm-2,径流磷损失量为0.08~0.15 kg·hm-2;控氮不控磷配施方式PM稻麦周年磷平衡及径流磷损失量显著提高3.41倍和50.4倍,CF和PM磷盈余量分别为26.7、118 kg·hm-2,径流磷损失量分别为0.10、5.14 kg·hm-2。相较控氮控磷,控氮不控磷配施的磷盈余及径流磷损失量均大幅增加。综上表明,有机无机肥总投入量过高会导致土壤磷大量盈余,极大增加磷损失的环境风险。因此,施用有机肥的同时应考虑控制氮磷施入量,有机肥部分替代化肥养分等量控制是可行的有机无机肥配施方式。
英文摘要:
      Suitable organic fertilizer substitutions for crop yield, phosphorus uptake, soil nutrient content, runoff loss, and phosphorus surplus in paddy soil was studied. Field experiments included partial organic substitution for chemical N and P(4th-yr)and partial organic substitution for chemical N(24th-yr). The treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P included no phosphate fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer(CF), commercial organic fertilizer(OM), pig manure(PM), chicken manure(CM)and cow manure substitution (DM); the treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N included no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertilizer(CF), and pig manure substitution(PM). The principal findings were that the partial organic substitution for chemical N resulted in a significantly higher runoff phosphorus loss and phosphorus surplus. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P, the annual P loss of runoff was 0.08–0.15 kg·hm-2, and no significant differences in organic replacement treatments compared with chemical fertilizer were observed. The annual P balance of CF, OM, PM, CM, and DM was -0.76, 2.29, 4.58, 4.40 kg·hm-2, and 8.54 kg·hm-2, respectively. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N, compared with chemical fertilizer, the annual runoff P loss and P surplus were significantly increased by 50.4 fold and 3.41 fold; the runoff P loss P of PM and CF was 5.14 kg·hm-2 and 0.10 kg·hm-2, and the P balance was 118 kg· hm-2 and 26.7 kg·hm-2. Concurrently, the wheat yield, soil available phosphorus, and total phosphorus content were significantly increased. Our results indicate that excess P input through organic fertilizer would lead to P surplus and potential environmental risk. Therefore, partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer should control the input of nitrogen and phosphorus.
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