固定化菌剂原位净化养殖水体效果及对微生物群落结构的影响

蔡徐依; 田亚雄; 陈潘毅; 葛朋彪; 张六六; 李娟英

文章摘要

蔡徐依,田亚雄,陈潘毅,葛朋彪,张六六,李娟英.固定化菌剂原位净化养殖水体效果及对微生物群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(7):1606-1615.

固定化菌剂原位净化养殖水体效果及对微生物群落结构的影响

In-situ purification of aquaculture water using an immobilized bacterial agent and its influence on the microbial community structure

投稿时间：2022-11-04

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1115

中文关键词: 固定化菌剂养殖水体原位修复群落结构

英文关键词: immobilized bacterial agent aquaculture water in-situ remediation community structure

基金项目:上海市农业农村委员会科技兴农项目（2020，3-2）；上海市科委长三角构建区域创新共同体领域项目（21002410500）

作者	单位	E-mail
蔡徐依	上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306
田亚雄	上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306
陈潘毅	上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306
葛朋彪	苏州鼎兴斯沃水产养殖设备有限公司, 江苏苏州 210095
张六六	江苏纳克生物工程有限公司, 江苏淮安 211700
李娟英	上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院, 上海 201306 上海河湖生物链构建与资源化利用工程技术研究中心, 上海 201702	jyli@shou.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为深入了解固定化菌剂原位应用对养殖水体净化效果及对养殖环境中微生物群落结构的影响，监测了养殖池塘原位修复过程中水质指标变化，同时采用高通量测序方法，分析了养殖底泥与水体中微生物群落的变化特征。结果表明：实验组中养殖池塘的COD_Mn和氨氮的去除效果均得到了显著提升（P<0.05）。COD_Mn去除率从26.14%升至52.49%，氨氮去除率从76.21%提升至90.73%。COD_Mn的浓度基本满足养殖尾水一级排放标准，氨氮可以稳定低于 0.5 mg·L^-1，养殖过程中 TP浓度保持稳定，满足排放标准。实验组水中微生物的多样性Shannon指数和丰富度Chao指数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。固定化菌剂的加入使得实验组的环境微生物OTU数和独有的OTU数均相应增加，实验组底泥与水体间共有的OTU数更多。主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，与对照组相比，实验组中优势微生物种群的变化较大，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）数量升高促进了氨氮的转化；促进动物和植物遗骸腐烂的放线菌门（Actinobacteria）以及拟杆菌门（Bacteriidota）数量的降低与实验组中耗氧性有机污染物COD_Mn的浓度大幅降低有关；属水平上相对丰度的变化也反映出固定化菌剂原位应用优化了环境微生物群落结构。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the effect of the in-situ application of an immobilized bacterial agent on the purification of aquaculture water and the microbial community structure in the aquaculture environment, the concentration changes of pollutants（including COD_Mn, ammonia, and TP） in aquaculture wastewater were analyzed during in-situ remediation in the present study. Additionally, the characteristics of the microbial community in the aquaculture environment were evaluated using a high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed that the removal of COD_Mn and ammonia in the experimental aquaculture pond was significantly improved（P<0.05）. The removal rate of COD_Mn increased from 26.14% to 52.49%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased from 76.21% to 90.73%. The concentration of COD_Mn was lower than the discharge limit of aquaculture wastewater（15 mg·L^-1）, ammonia, and TP at a low level（< 0.5 mg·L^-1）. The Shannon index and Chao index of microbial diversity in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The addition of an immobilized bacterial agent increased the number of the total OTU and the unique OTU in the experimental group. The number of common OTUs between the sediment and water from the experimental group was more than those in control group. Principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）showed that the dominant microbial population in the experimental group changed significantly compared with the control group. The increase of Proteobacteria promoted the transformation of ammonia, and Actinobacteria, being responsible for the decay of animal and plant remains, was reduced, which might be related to the greatly decreased COD Mn in the experimental group. Meanwhile, the reduction of Bacteriidota was also caused by improved water quality in the experimental group. Changes in relative abundance at the genus level also reflected that the in-situ application of an immobilized bacterial agent optimized the environmental microbial community structure.

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